Table 5.
Maternal, delivery, and neonatal outcomes among pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections overall and by trimester of infection
| Characteristicsa | Overallb | Trimester of infection |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Second | Third | P value | ||
| Pregnancy outcome | n=155 | n=27 | n=128 | |
| Live birth | 153 (98.7) | 26 (96.3) | 127 (99.2) | |
| Stillbirth | 2 (1.3) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Delivery characteristics | n=155 | n=27 | n=128 | |
| Timing | ||||
| Time from the first COVID-19 positive test to outcome (d) | 20 (2–58) | 99 (85–105) | 8 (1–35) | .0001 |
| Gestational age at delivery (wk) | 39.1 (38.1–40) | 38.4 (37.6–39.1) | 39.1 (38.4–40) | .02 |
| Preterm birth | 15 (9.7) | 4 (14.8) | 11 (8.6) | .32 |
| Owing to preterm labor or PPROM | 7 (46.7) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (36.4) | .19 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Induction (n=121 with any labor) | 49 (40.5) | 9 (39.1) | 40 (40.8) | .88 |
| Cesarean delivery | 55 (35.5) | 9 (33.3) | 46 (35.9) | .80 |
| Delivery induced or performed owing to COVID-19c | 9 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 9 (7.0) | .16 |
| Obstetrical and fetal complications | n=155 | n=27 | n=128 | |
| Gestational diabetes | 16 (10.3) | 2 (7.4) | 14 (10.9) | .58 |
| New-onset hypertensive disorder of pregnancy or postpartumd | 19 (12.3) | 3 (11.1) | 16 (12.3) | .84 |
| Diagnosed at or after COVID-19 diagnosis | 17 (89.5) | 3 (100) | 14 (87.5) | .52 |
| Nonreassuring fetal status/fetal distress | 19 (12.3) | 3 (11.1) | 16 (12.5) | .84 |
| Neonatal outcomes | n=156e | n=26 | n=130 | |
| Birthweight (g)f | 3261 (2905, 3640) | 3206 (2887–3510) | 3261 (2908, 3665) | .38 |
| Low birthweight (<2500 g) | 7 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 7 (5.5) | .22 |
| SARS-CoV-2 testing performedg | 45 (31.3) | 1 (4.2) | 44 (36.7) | .002 |
| SARS-CoV-2 positive | 0 (0) | — | — | |
| NICU admissionh | 11 (7.1) | 1 (3.9) | 10 (7.8) | .48 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count; IQR, interquartile range; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Lokken et al. COVID-19 disease and mortality in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021.
Presented as n (percentage) and median (IQR)
Excludes 3 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first trimester; 2 cases ended in spontaneous abortion and 1 led to a maternal death
COVID-19 was either the singular indication or a contributory indication for delivery
A new-onset hypertensive disorder of pregnancy or postpartum included any of the following diagnoses: new-onset gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, and HELLP
Live births only (n=156). There were 3 twin gestations
Birthweight is missing for 2 neonates (n=154)
Testing data missing for 12 neonates, for a total of 24 neonates born to pregnant patients with second-trimester SARS-COV-2 infections and 120 neonates born to pregnant patients with third-trimester SARS-COV-2 infections
NICU admission occurred for a neonatal health indication. Does not include NICU admission solely for COVID-19 precautions. N=155, data missing for 1 neonate.