TABLE 1.

Characteristics of COVID-19 affective attitude and risk perception items.

Characteristic	Index	Description	Source	Item
Affective Attitude	Affect	The holistic affective reaction associated with a hazard	van der Linden, 2015	I see coronavirus as something that is … 2 Overall, I feel that coronavirus is…3 To me, coronavirus is…1
			Hadjichristidis et al., 2015	If I think of coronavirus I feel mostly ………. feelings 1
Risk perceptions	Feelings of risk	Affective risk perception	Ferrer et al., 2018 Kaufman et al., 2020	When you think about coronavirus, to what extent do you feel fearful?4 How worried are you about coronavirus?4
		General risk perception	Peters et al., 2011	In general, how risky do you think coronavirus is? 4
			Finucane et al., 2000a	In general, how risky do you consider coronavirus to be to Italian society as a whole? 4
			Dohmen et al., 2011	How much risk do you believe that coronavirus poses to human health, safety or prosperity? 4
		Experiential risk perception	Ferrer et al., 2018 Kaufman et al., 2020	To what extent do you feel vulnerable to coronavirus?4 When you hear of someone having coronavirus, to what extent your first reaction is ‘that could be me someday’?4
	Risk Analysis	Perceived likelihood	Kaufman et al., 2020	How likely do you think it is that you will get coronavirus?4
		Conditional risk perception	Dillard et al., 2012	If you did not follow the recommendations to reduce the infection issued by the President of the Council of Ministers, how much do you think it would be likely for you to contract the coronavirus?4
			Kaufman et al., 2020	If you continue to adopt the usual lifestyle you have led up to now, how likely would you be to get coronavirus?4

Response Scales: ¹Very negative, fairly negative, slightly negative, neither negative nor positive, slightly positive, fairly positive, very positive. ²Extremely unpleasant, very unpleasant, quite unpleasant, slightly unpleasant, neither unpleasant nor pleasant, slightly pleasant, quite pleasant, very pleasant, extremely pleasant. ³A very bad thing, a pretty bad thing, a slightly bad thing, neither a bad thing nor a good thing, a slightly good thing, a pretty good thing, a very good thing. ⁴Not at all, Slightly, Moderately, Very, Extremely.