Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants categorised into the four obesity phenotypes.
| MHNW (n = 23 466) |
MUHNW (n = 10 358) |
MHO (n = 7 008) |
MUHO (n = 9 083) |
p-value | p-value1 | p-value2 | p-value3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.4 ± 7.0 | 56 ± 7.6 | 52.9 ± 7.9 | 55.3 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male (%) | 27.8 | 39.5 | 38.5 | 47.3 | ||||
| Female (%) | 72.1 | 60.5 | 61.5 | 52.7 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 1.8 | 22.9 ± 1.5 | 26.8 ± 1.7 | 27.4 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.7 ± 12.9 | 128.1 ± 14.3 | 122.2 ± 13.3 | 131.1 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.5 ± 8.9 | 78.7 ± 9.4 | 76.0 ± 9.2 | 80.8 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 89.0 ± 11.1 | 102.6 ± 25.4 | 90.9 ± 11.7 | 105.1 ± 25.7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.8 ± 33.3 | 200.3 ± 38.1 | 201.6 ± 34 | 201.3 ± 37.5 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.020 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 89.9 ± 43.6 | 167.7 ± 104.7 | 105.1 ± 50.1 | 186.4 ± 113 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 59.1 ± 12.7 | 48.2 ± 12.0 | 55 ± 11.1 | 46.1 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 1 516 (6.4) | 3 313 (32.0) | 911 (13.0) | 3 765 (41.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 351 (1.5) | 1 430 (13.8) | 110 (1.6) | 1 320 (14.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Regular exerciser (%) | 9 071 (39.4) | 4 120 (40.6) | 2 726 (39.8) | 3 453 (38.7) | 0.401 | 0.039 | 0.179 | 0.265 |
| Smoker (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Current smoker (%) | 2 215 (9.4) | 1 415 (13.7) | 776 (11.1) | 1 386 (15.3) | ||||
| Former smoker (%) | 2 749 (11.7) | 1 791 (17.3) | 1 244 (17.8) | 2 011 (22.1) | ||||
| Drinker (%) | 3 777 (14.4) | 1 928 (18.6) | 1 341 (19.1) | 2 017 (22.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.388 |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or percentage. We obtained p-values by one-way analysis of variance or independent two-sample t-tests for continuous variables or by χ2 tests for categorical variables.
p-values represent the difference in each variable among the MHNW, MUHNW, MHO and MUHO phenotypes.
MHNW, metabolically healthy normal weight; MUHNW, metabolically unhealthy normal weight; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obese; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
p-values1 represent the difference in each variable between the MHNW and MUHNW phenotypes.
p-values2 represent the difference in each variable between the MHO and MUHO phenotypes.
p-values3 represent the difference in each variable between the MUHNW and MHO phenotypes.