Table 1.

Dermatologic and other clinical findings associated with select nutrient deficiencies.

Vitamin	Mucocutaneous signs of deficiency	Other clinical signs	Comments/references
Zinc	Eczematous or psoriasiform patches and plaques in a periorificial, acral, and anogenital distribution, ± bullae; glossitis	Secondary infection; yeast overgrowth; alopecia; diarrhea	(Golden, 1991)
Thiamine (B1)	Glossitis	Beriberi (wet or dry); neurologic changes; cardiovascular dysfunction; edema	(Lonsdale, 2018)
Riboflavin (B2)	Glossitis; cheilitis; stomatitis; seborrheic dermatitis-like rash	Normochromic normocytic anemia	(Saedisomeolia and Ashoori, 2018)
Niacin (B3)	Photosensitive pigmented dermatitis; “Casal’s necklace”	Diarrhea; dementia; glossitis; neurologic symptoms	Nixtamalization (alkaline treatment) of corn/sorghum enhances niacin availability (Kirkland and Meyer-Ficca, 2018)
Pyridoxine (B6)	Stomatitis; glossitis; cheilosis; seborrheic dermatitis-like rash	Neurologic symptoms; neuropathy; seizures; microcytic anemia	(DiBaise and Tarleton, 2019)
Iron	Atrophic glossitis; pruritus; hair loss; koilonychia; xerosis; pallor	Microcytic hypochromic anemia; tachycardia; fatigue; exercise intolerance; restless leg syndrome; beeturia	(Lopez et al., 2016)
Folate (B9)	Pallor; jaundice; oral ulcers	Megaloblastic anemia; fatigue; irritability; neurocognitive changes	Can develop rapidly (Green and Datta Mitra, 2017)