Table 3.

Concentration changes of some brain metabolites 8 weeks after BDL surgery in BDL and BDL + probiotic groups.

Brain metabolite	Concentration changes 8 weeks after BDL						BDL vs BDL + probiotic
	BDL			BDL + probiotic
	Mean (%)	SEM (%)	p value1	mean (%)	SEM (%)	p value1	p value2
tCho	− 13	11	ns	− 22	8	0.04	ns
Tau	− 7	2	0.005	− 13	2	0.0004	ns
Cr	− 7	3	0.05	− 12	4	0.05	ns
PCr	− 12	4	0.01	− 15	3	0.002	ns
tCr	− 10	1	0.0001	− 14	3	0.002	ns
Asc	− 12	8	ns	− 18	8	0.05	ns

¹One-way ANOVA repeated measure between concentrations of corresponding metabolite at week 0 and week 8 after BDL surgery.

²One-way ANOVA between % changes of corresponding metabolite in BDL and BDL + probiotic groups.