Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics (stratified by PHQ-9 ≥ 10 at follow-up).
| Variable | All (N = 10,120) | PHQ-9 ≥ 10 at FU (N = 448) | PHQ-9 ≤ 9 at FU (N = 9672) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Women (%) | 46.1% (4670) | 53.1% (238) | 45.8% (4432) | 0.003 |
| Age | 54.3 (10.9) | 51.2 (10.3) | 54.5 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
| Living with partner (%) | 84.5% (8547) | 79.7% (357) | 84.7% (8190) | 0.006 |
| Socioeconomic status | 13.45 (4.39) | 12.94 (4.26) | 13.48 (4.39) | 0.010 |
| Inflammation | ||||
| CRP ≥ 3 mg/l (%) | 23.9% (2419) | 28.0% (125) | 23.7% (2292) | 0.041 |
| WBC (leucocytes/nl) | 6.80 (5.75/8.10) | 7.10 (5.80/8.66) | 6.80 (5.75/8.10) | 0.002 |
| Physical health and health behavior | ||||
| Diabetes (%) | 7.3% (739) | 8.3% (37) | 7.3% (702) | 0.40 |
| CVD (%) | 8.3% (836) | 7.9% (35) | 8.3% (801) | 0.86 |
| Cancer (%) | 7.9% (800) | 8.9% (40) | 7.9% (760) | 0.42 |
| Obesity (%) | 22.7% (2297) | 24.8% (111) | 22.6% (2186) | 0.30 |
| Smoker (%) | 17.2% (1738) | 24.3% (108) | 16.9% (1630) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity | 7260 (5174/9390) | 7590 (5500/10,140) | 7230 (5156/9360) | 0.019 |
| Alcohol (% > recom. limit) | 28.1% (2836) | 22.7% (101) | 28.3% (2735) | 0.01 |
| Mental distress | ||||
| Loneliness (%) | 6.6% (668) | 19.0% (85) | 6.1% (590) | < 0.001 |
| PHQ-9 sum at baseline | 3.13 (2.31) | 5.48 (2.37) | 3.02 (2.25) | < 0.001 |
Bold values indicate statistically significant differences.
Participant characteristics are shown as mean values and standard deviations, medians with interquartile ranges (if not fulfilling normal distribution) or as percentages and absolute numbers.
CRP C-reactive protein, CVD cardiovascular disease, FU follow-up, PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire-9, WBC white blood cell count.