Table 2.
Results of the logistic regression analysis: Prediction of new onset of depression at follow-up (based on predictors measured at baseline 5 years earlier, including CRP ≥ 3 mg/l).
| Predictors | OR | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | |||
| CRP ≥ 3 mg/l | 1.58 | 1.10; 2.26 | 0.013 |
| Interaction: CRP by gender (women)* | 0.55 | 0.033; 0.91 | 0.021 |
| Sociodemographic information | |||
| Gender (women) | 1.34 | 1.02; 1.74 | 0.03 |
| Age | 0.98 | 0.97; 0.99 | < 0.001 |
| Living with partner | 1.14 | 0.84; 1.55 | 0.40 |
| Socioeconomic status | 0.99 | 0.96; 1.02 | 0.06 |
| Physical health and health behavior | |||
| Diabetes | 1.34 | 0.84; 2.12 | 0.22 |
| CVD | 1.15 | 0.75; 1.77 | 0.53 |
| Cancer | 1.38 | 0.92; 2.07 | 0.12 |
| Obesity | 0.88 | 0.66; 1.17 | 0.37 |
| Smoker | 1.40 | 1.07; 1.83 | 0.013 |
| Physical activity | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 0.81 |
| Alcohol > recom. limit | 0.83 | 0.64; 1.09 | 0.18 |
| Loneliness | 1.83 | 1.33; 2.52 | < 0.001 |
| PHQ-9 sum (baseline) | 1.47 | 1.40; 1.54 | < 0.001 |
Bold values indicate statistically significant predictors.
Total model: Nagelkerke R2 = 0.37.
CI confidence interval; CRP C-reactive protein; CVD cardiovascular disease, OR odds ratio, PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire-9.
*The odds ratio of the interaction term is a ratio of odds ratios (ROR). The OR for CRP > 3 mg/l of 1.58 is to be interpreted as the OR for men with elevated CRP. The OR for women with elevated CRP can be calculated from the ROR and the above OR for men as 1.58 × 0.55 = 0.87.