Table 2.
Bivariate analysis comparing online sports betting and slot machine gamblers with gambling onset before 25 years of age.
| Variable |
Online sports betting gamblers (n = 18) |
Slot machine gamblers (n = 438) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 29.72 ± 7.6 | 40.07 ± 10.9 | 0.000 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Male | 17 (94.4%) | 426 (97.2%) | 0.412 |
| Female | 1 (5.5%) | 12 (2.7%) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Single | 13 (72.2%) | 114 (26%) | 0.000 |
| With partner | 5 (27.7%) | 324 (74%) | |
| Stable partner | 5 (27.7%) | 218 (49.8%) | |
| Separated | 0 | 88 (20.1%) | |
| Divorced | 0 | 18 (4.1%) | |
| Widowed | 0 | 0 | |
| Education level, n (%) | |||
| University | 9 (50%) | 21 (4.8%) | 0.000 |
| Non-university | 9 (50%) | 405 (92.5%) | |
| Primary/Secondary | 9 (50%) | 378 (86.3%) | |
| Illiterate | 0 | 27 (6.2%) | |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||
| Employed | 11 (61.1%) | 269 (61.4%) | 0.950 |
| Unemployed | 7 (38.9%) | 166 (37.9%) | |
| Student | 5 (27.8%) | 2 (0.5%) | |
| Age at gambling onset | 19.72 ± 3.4 | 19.28 ± 3.1 | 0.559 |
| Length of GD before treatment, n (%) | |||
| ≤ 5 years | 16 (88.9%) | 176 (41.2%) | 0.000 |
| >5 years | 2 (11.1%) | 261 (59.6%) | |
| 6–10 years | 1 (5.6%) | 99 (22.6%) | |
| >10 years | 1 (5.6%) | 162 (37%) | |
| Daily frequency of gambling, n (%) | 9 (50%) | 180 (41.09%) | 0.630 |
| Gambling expenditure per week, n (%) | |||
| ≤ 100€/week | 3 (16.7%) | 190 (43.4%) | 0.013 |
| >100€/week | 15 (83.3%) | 204 (46.6%) | |
| >500€/week | 5 (27.7%) | 48 (11%) | |
| Psychiatric comorbidity, n (%) | 2 (11.1%) | 123 (28.1%) | 0.175 |
| Substance use disorder, n (%) | |||
| Alcohol dependence | 1 (5.6%) | 113 (25.8%) | 0.192 |
| Tobacco dependence | 4 (22.2%) | 307 (70.1%) | 0.000 |
| Cannabis dependence | 0 | 41 (9.4%) | 0.625 |
| Cocaine dependence | 0 | 25(5.7%) | 1 |
The blod values means “statistically significant values”.