Table 2.

Domains contained in the telemedicine guidelines of South East Asian countries.

Domains	Singapore (n = 5)	Malaysia (n = 7)	Indonesia (n = 9)	Thailand (n = 2)	Vietnam (n = 1)
Clinical
Definitions of telemedicine	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Clinical governance	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Restrictions	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
International service	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Ethical and legal
Medical ethics	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Legislation	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Consent from users	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Confidentiality and privacy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Identification/authentication (providers, patients)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Operational and technical
Data security and stewardship	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Record keeping and data storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Licensing of health-care practitioners	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Licensing of health-care facilities	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Licensing of telehealth products (mHealth, Apps)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Licensing of traditional and complementary medicine	No	No	Yes	No	No
ICT infrastructure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Internet speed requirement	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Human resource	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Cost of ICT infrastructure, training, human resource	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Reimbursement/service fee	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Feedback from users	Yes	No	No	No	No
Choices offered to users	Yes	No	No	No	No

ICT, Information and Communication Technology; EMR, electronic medical records; HIMS, Health Information Management System; mHealth, mobile health, Apps, phone applications.