Fig. 1. Zingerone induces differentiation of VSMCs. The structure of zingerone (A). Aortic VSMCs were treated with 10, 50, or 100 nM zingerone for 12 hours, and then mRNA expression of CBFA1, α-SMA, and SM22α was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (B, C). Data represent the mean±standard error of the mean of 3 individual experiments.

VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; CBFA1, core-binding factor α-1; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; SM22α, smooth muscle 22α.

^*p<0.05; Statistical significance was determined relative to a control by the Student's t-test.