Table 2. Hazard ratios of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke by HDL-C categories in men.
| HDL-C categories | Subjects | Event | Incidence rate* | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
| All-cause mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 1,817 | 147 | 14.3 | 2.42 (2.04–2.86) | 1.99 (1.68–2.36) | 1.86 (1.57–2.21) | |
| 30–39 | 22,010 | 943 | 7.6 | 1.28 (1.18–1.38) | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | |
| 40–49 | 56,703 | 2,097 | 6.5 | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | |
| 50–59 | 50,826 | 1,712 | 5.9 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 27,985 | 1,059 | 6.7 | 1.13 (1.04–1.22) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | |
| 70–79 | 11,113 | 402 | 6.4 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | |
| 80–89 | 3,797 | 177 | 8.3 | 1.40 (1.20–1.63) | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) | 1.17 (1.00–1.36) | |
| 90≤ | 1,992 | 80 | 7.0 | 1.18 (0.94–1.48) | 0.96 (0.76–1.20) | 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | |
| p for trend | 0.0014 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 1,817 | 27 | 2.6 | 3.24 (2.18–4.83) | 2.53 (1.69–3.77) | 2.32 (1.55–3.47) | |
| 30–39 | 22,010 | 150 | 1.2 | 1.48 (1.21–1.82) | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) | 1.29 (1.04–1.59) | |
| 40–49 | 56,703 | 323 | 1.0 | 1.24 (1.05–1.46) | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | 1.19 (1.01–1.41) | |
| 50–59 | 50,826 | 234 | 0.8 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 27,985 | 158 | 1.0 | 1.23 (1.00–1.50) | 1.16 (0.94–1.42) | 1.17 (0.95–1.43) | |
| 70–79 | 11,113 | 42 | 0.7 | 0.82 (0.59–1.14) | 0.76 (0.55–1.06) | 0.76 (0.55–1.06) | |
| 80–89 | 3,797 | 28 | 1.3 | 1.62 (1.09–2.39) | 1.40 (0.95–2.08) | 1.41 (0.95–2.09) | |
| 90≤ | 1,992 | 9 | 0.7 | 0.97 (0.50–1.89) | 0.83 (0.43–1.63) | 0.85 (0.44–1.66) | |
| p for trend | 0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0052 | ||||
| Cancer mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 1,817 | 50 | 4.9 | 1.91 (1.44–2.55) | 1.53 (1.15–2.04) | 1.50 (1.13–2.01) | |
| 30–39 | 22,010 | 387 | 3.1 | 1.22 (1.08–1.38) | 1.15 (1.01–1.30) | 1.14 (1.00–1.29) | |
| 40–49 | 56,703 | 851 | 2.6 | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | |
| 50–59 | 50,826 | 737 | 2.5 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 27,985 | 417 | 2.6 | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | |
| 70–79 | 11,113 | 157 | 2.5 | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | |
| 80–89 | 3,797 | 62 | 2.9 | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) | 0.98 (0.76–1.28) | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) | |
| 90≤ | 1,992 | 28 | 2.5 | 0.96 (0.66–1.40) | 0.82 (0.56–1.19) | 0.81 (0.56–1.19) | |
| p for trend | 0.0048 | 0.0006 | 0.0013 | ||||
| Other mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 1,817 | 70 | 6.8 | 2.66 (2.08–3.40) | 2.31 (1.81–2.96) | 2.07 (1.62–2.65) | |
| 30–39 | 22,010 | 403 | 3.2 | 1.26 (1.12–1.43) | 1.28 (1.13–1.44) | 1.18 (1.04–1.34) | |
| 40–49 | 56,703 | 917 | 2.8 | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) | 1.15 (1.04–1.27) | 1.12 (1.01–1.23) | |
| 50–59 | 50,826 | 738 | 2.6 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 27,985 | 482 | 3.0 | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | |
| 70–79 | 11,113 | 199 | 3.2 | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | |
| 80–89 | 3,797 | 87 | 4.1 | 1.59 (1.28–1.99) | 1.249 (1.00–1.56) | 1.27 (1.01–1.58) | |
| 90≤ | 1,992 | 43 | 3.8 | 1.47 (1.08–2.00) | 1.121 (0.82–1.53) | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) | |
| p for trend | 0.8999 | 0.0007 | 0.0940 | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | |||||||
| <30 | 1,817 | 75 | 7.6 | 2.42 (1.81–3.24) | 1.97 (1.47–2.64) | 1.97 (1.47–2.65) | |
| 30–39 | 22,010 | 716 | 5.9 | 1.60 (1.41–1.82) | 1.45 (1.28–1.65) | 1.44 (1.26–1.64) | |
| 40–49 | 56,703 | 1,434 | 4.6 | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) | |
| 50–59 | 50,826 | 1,061 | 3.7 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 27,985 | 511 | 3.3 | 0.85 (0.74–0.99) | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | |
| 70–79 | 11,113 | 169 | 2.7 | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.76 (0.61–0.94) | |
| 80–89 | 3,797 | 66 | 3.1 | 0.93 (0.68–1.29) | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | 0.89 (0.65–1.23) | |
| 90≤ | 1,992 | 32 | 2.8 | 0.79 (0.49–1.26) | 0.77 (0.48–1.23) | 0.75 (0.47–1.21) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Stroke | |||||||
| <30 | 1,817 | 75 | 7.5 | 2.44 (1.92–3.11) | 1.93 (1.52–2.46) | 1.86 (1.46–2.38) | |
| 30–39 | 22,010 | 540 | 4.4 | 1.43 (1.29–1.60) | 1.30 (1.16–1.45) | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | |
| 40–49 | 56,703 | 1,143 | 3.6 | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | |
| 50–59 | 50,826 | 890 | 3.1 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 27,985 | 498 | 3.2 | 1.04 (0.93–1.17) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | |
| 70–79 | 11,113 | 186 | 3.0 | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 0.95 (0.80–1.11) | |
| 80–89 | 3,797 | 70 | 3.3 | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 1.04 (0.82–1.33) | |
| 90≤ | 1,992 | 33 | 2.9 | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 0.93 (0.66–1.32) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Model 1: crude; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, and income status; Model 3: model 2 + further adjusted for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, triglycerides, and use of lipid-lowering agents.
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*per 1,000 person-years.