Table 3. Hazard ratios of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke by HDL-C categories in women.
| HDL-C categories | Subjects | Event | Incidence rate* | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
| All-cause mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 878 | 52 | 10.4 | 2.91 (2.20–3.85) | 1.80 (1.37–2.38) | 1.72 (1.30–2.28) | |
| 30–39 | 10,976 | 425 | 6.8 | 1.92 (1.72–2.15) | 1.36 (1.22–1.53) | 1.30 (1.16–1.46) | |
| 40–49 | 38,416 | 994 | 4.5 | 1.28 (1.18–1.40) | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | |
| 50–59 | 51,713 | 1,040 | 3.5 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 37,373 | 695 | 3.3 | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | |
| 70–79 | 17,729 | 291 | 2.9 | 0.82 (0.72–0.93) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | |
| 80–89 | 6,946 | 113 | 2.9 | 0.81 (0.67–0.99) | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 1.05 (0.86–1.27) | |
| 90≤ | 3,413 | 67 | 3.4 | 0.98 (0.76–1.25) | 1.19 (0.93–1.52) | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0026 | ||||
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 878 | 6 | 1.2 | 1.62 (0.72–3.65) | 0.95 (0.42–2.13) | 0.92 (0.41–2.07) | |
| 30–39 | 10,976 | 104 | 1.7 | 2.27 (1.80–2.87) | 1.53 (1.21–1.94) | 1.49 (1.17–1.89) | |
| 40–49 | 38,416 | 173 | 0.8 | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | |
| 50–59 | 51,713 | 216 | 0.7 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 37,373 | 134 | 0.6 | 0.86 (0.70–1.07) | 0.94 (0.76–1.17) | 0.95 (0.76–1.17) | |
| 70–79 | 17,729 | 69 | 0.7 | 0.94 (0.71–1.23) | 1.16 (0.88–1.52) | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | |
| 80–89 | 6,946 | 20 | 0.5 | 0.69 (0.44–1.10) | 0.90 (0.57–1.42) | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) | |
| 90≤ | 3,413 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.49 (0.23–1.04) | 0.62 (0.29–1.31) | 0.63 (0.30–1.35) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0633 | 0.1653 | ||||
| Cancer mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 878 | 12 | 2.3 | 1.98 (1.11–3.51) | 1.36 (0.76–2.41) | 1.30 (0.73–2.32) | |
| 30–39 | 10,976 | 120 | 1.9 | 1.59 (1.29–1.96) | 1.22 (0.99–1.50) | 1.19 (0.96–1.47) | |
| 40–49 | 38,416 | 345 | 1.6 | 1.31 (1.13–1.52) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | |
| 50–59 | 51,713 | 355 | 1.2 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 37,373 | 236 | 1.1 | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 1.00 (0.84–1.17) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) | |
| 70–79 | 17,729 | 98 | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | |
| 80–89 | 6,946 | 40 | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.61–1.17) | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | 1.06 (0.76–1.47) | |
| 90≤ | 3,413 | 19 | 1.0 | 0.81 (0.51–1.29) | 1.00 (0.63–1.58) | 1.03 (0.65–1.63) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0179 | 0.0630 | ||||
| Other mortality | |||||||
| <30 | 878 | 34 | 6.8 | 4.24 (3.00–6.01) | 2.51 (1.77–3.56) | 2.38 (1.68–3.39) | |
| 30–39 | 10,976 | 197 | 3.2 | 1.99 (1.68–2.35) | 1.36 (1.15–1.61) | 1.28 (1.08–1.52) | |
| 40–49 | 38,416 | 471 | 2.2 | 1.36 (1.20–1.55) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 1.12 (0.99–1.28) | |
| 50–59 | 51,713 | 465 | 1.6 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 37,373 | 320 | 1.5 | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | |
| 70–79 | 17,729 | 122 | 1.2 | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | |
| 80–89 | 6,946 | 53 | 1.3 | 0.86 (0.64–1.14) | 1.07 (0.80–1.42) | 1.11 (0.84–1.48) | |
| 90≤ | 3,413 | 41 | 2.1 | 1.34 (0.97–1.84) | 1.59 (1.16–2.19) | 1.66 (1.20–2.29) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0017 | 0.0586 | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | |||||||
| <30 | 878 | 24 | 4.9 | 1.52 (0.86–2.69) | 1.05 (0.59–1.87) | 1.01 (0.57–1.79) | |
| 30–39 | 10,976 | 327 | 5.4 | 1.93 (1.63–2.29) | 1.50 (1.27–1.77) | 1.41 (1.19–1.67) | |
| 40–49 | 38,416 | 776 | 3.6 | 1.25 (1.10–1.43) | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | |
| 50–59 | 51,713 | 824 | 2.8 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 37,373 | 539 | 2.6 | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 1.01 (0.87–1.16) | |
| 70–79 | 17,729 | 200 | 2.0 | 0.75 (0.61–0.91) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | |
| 80–89 | 6,946 | 72 | 1.8 | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 0.87 (0.63–1.19) | |
| 90≤ | 3,413 | 42 | 2.2 | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) | 0.97 (0.64–1.46) | 0.98 (0.65–1.48) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0015 | ||||
| Stroke | |||||||
| <30 | 878 | 47 | 9.7 | 2.96 (2.18–4.01) | 1.99 (1.46–2.70) | 2.03 (1.49–2.77) | |
| 30–39 | 10,976 | 286 | 4.6 | 1.49 (1.30–1.70) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 1.09 (0.95–1.26) | |
| 40–49 | 38,416 | 759 | 3.5 | 1.12 (1.02–1.24) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | |
| 50–59 | 51,713 | 900 | 3.1 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |
| 60–69 | 37,373 | 541 | 2.6 | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | |
| 70–79 | 17,729 | 224 | 2.2 | 0.74 (0.63–0.85) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.90 (0.78–1.05) | |
| 80–89 | 6,946 | 81 | 2.1 | 0.66 (0.52–0.83) | 0.84 (0.66–1.06) | 0.84 (0.66–1.06) | |
| 90≤ | 3,413 | 53 | 2.7 | 0.91 (0.68–1.20) | 1.15 (0.87–1.53) | 1.11 (0.84–1.47) | |
| p for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.0079 | ||||
Model 1: crude; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, and income status; Model 3: model 2 + further adjusted for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, triglycerides, and use of lipid-lowering agents.
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*per 1,000 person-years.