Table 1.

List of the studies included in the review.

n	Article	Age	N	Social media	Disorder/symptoms	Findings	ES
1	Szwedo et al. (23)	13/20	89	, MS	Depressive symptoms, social anxiety	– (depr); + (s.anx)	0.40–0.60
2	Moreno et al. (24)	18–19	66		Alcohol use	+	0.72
3	Pumper and Moreno (25)	12–14	315		Alcohol use	+	0.15
4	Tiggemann and Slater (26)	13–15	1,087	, MS	Body image concerns	+	0.26
5	D'Angelo et al. (27)	18–19	312		Alcohol use	+	0.20
6	Huang et al. (28)	14–15	1,563	, MS	Alcohol and cigarette use	ns	na
7	Birnbaum et al. (29))	12–21	80	, ,	Psycotic-spectrum and mood disorder	na	na
8	Nesi and Prinstein (30)	12–16	619	,	Depressive symptoms	+	0.53
9	Bert et al. (31)	18	341		Pro-anorexia	na	na
10	Ehrenreich and Underwood (2016)	18	125		Internalizing symptoms	+	0.58
11	Frison et al. (32)	12–19	1,612		Depressive symptoms	ns	0.58
12	Marczinski et al. (33)	19	146		Alcohol use	+	0.44
13	Moreno et al. (34)	17–19	94	,	Alcohol use	+	0.47–0.92
14	Naeemi and Tamam (35)	13–16	401		Psychological well-being	–	0.67
15	Sampasa-Kanyinga and Chaput (36)	11–19	4,468	, , ,	Body image concerns	+	0.39
16	Abar et al. (37)	19	252		Substance use	na	na
17	Frison and Eggermont (38)	12–19	671		Depressed mood	+	0.42
18	Gul et al. (39)	13–19	289		ADHD	+	0.69
19	Jacob et al. (40)	16–24	21		Self-injury	+	na
20	Nesi et al. (30)	15–16	658		Alcohol use	+	0.43
21	Nesi et al. (30)	13–16	816	,	Depressive symptoms	+	0.85
22	Pontes (41)	10-18	509		Depressive symptoms, anxiety	+	0.62–0.68
23	Spilkova et al. (42)	16	4,887	, , ,	Binge drinking, marjiuana use	+ (drink); ns (marj)	0.88
24	van Rooij et al. (43)	12–15	3,945		Depressive symptoms, social anxiety	+	0.45–0.95
25	Weinstein (44)	14–18	507		Depressive symptoms	+	0.68
26	Brown et al. (45)	16	52		Self-injury, suicidal ideation	na	na
27	Muzaffar et al. (46)	12–20	102		Depressive symptoms, social anxiety	ns	na
28	Niu et al. (47)	12–18	764	QZ	Depressive symptoms	+	0.44
29	Settanni et al. (48)	15	283		ADHD symptoms	+	0.56
30	Chang et al. (49)	12–16	303		Body esteem	–	0.58
31	de Vries et al. (50)	12–19	440		Body dissatisfaction	+	0.49
32	Louragli et al. (51)	12–19	541		Anxiety, nomophobia	+	0.50–0.98
33	Negriff (52)	13/21	319		Depressive symptoms	-	0.58
34	Przepiorka and Blachnio (53)	12–17	426		Depressive symptoms	+	0.83
35	Raudsepp and Kais (54)	13	397	, ,	Depressive symptoms	+	0.72
36	Savolainen et al. (55)	15–25	4,816	, , ,	Alcohol use	+	0.12–0.43
37	Shakir et al. (2019)	12–18	537	, , , ,	Cyberbullying	na	na
38	Steers et al. (56)	17–19	316		alcohol use	+	0.69
39	Vannucci and Ohannessian (57)	11-14	1205	, , , ,	Depressive symptoms, panic disorder symptoms	+	0.28-.92
40	Yurdagül et al. (58)	14–19	491		Depressive symptoms, anxiety, social anxiety, body dissatisfaction	+	0.28–0.50
41	Boursier et al. (59)	13–19	693	, , ,	Body image concerns	+	0.36
42	Fardouly et al. (60)	10–12	528	, ,	Depressive symptoms, social anxiety, body satisfaction	+ (depr.); ns (s.anx); – (body)	0.43–0.82
43	Stockdale and Coyne (61)	17/19	385	, ,	Depressive symptoms, anxiety	ns (depr.); + (anx)	0.36
44	Brown et al. (62)	16	59		Self-injury	na	na

Age, range of age of the participants; N, sample size; ES, effect size; +, directly proportional; –, inversely proportional; ns, non-significant; na, not applicable; , Facebook; , Instagram; , Twitter; , YouTube; , Snapchat; , Tumblr; , Skype; MS, MySpace; QZ, QZone. Icons of social media platforms have been created using the fontawesome package (63).