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. 2021 Jan 13;11:597745. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597745

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Copyright © 2021 Windisch, Sommermann, Babin, Chowdhury, Grosch, Moradtalab, Walker, Höglinger, El-Hasan, Armbruster, Nesme, Sørensen, Schellenberg, Geistlinger, Smalla, Rothballer, Ludewig and Neumann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of bacterial and archaeal (A) and fungal (B) community composition in the rhizosphere of lettuce grown in soils with long-term organic (HU-org, BIODYN2) or mineral (HU-min, CONMIN) fertilization. CCA is based on log10 transformed relative abundances of bacterial, archaeal and fungal OTUs using organic compounds in rhizosphere soil solution averaged over basal (mature) and subapical root zones. (A) Bacterial and archaeal communities: Acetate (Acetic) + malate (Malic) + succinate (Succinic) + fumarate (Fumaric) + maltose (Malt) + sucrose (Suc) + asparagine (Asn) + serine (Ser) + glutamine (Gln) + glutamic acid (Glu) + glycine (Gly) as constraint variables. Significant vectors were fitted onto CCA ordination including log transformed relative abundances of Pseudomonadaceae OTUs that were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05) in minerally fertilized soils and exhibited a mean relative abundance of >0.5%. Tentative taxonomic identification of OTUs based on most similar BLAST hit: OTU_11269 – Pseudomonas corrugata (99.77%); OTU_11081 – P. silesiensis (96.97%); OTU_8349 – P. corrugata (99.3%); OTU_885 – P. tolaasii (99.77%). Significant codes: ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. (B) Fungal communities: Acetate (Acetic) + malate (Malic) + fructose (Fruc) + glucose (Gluc) + sucrose (Sucr) + maltose (Malt) + glutamic acid (Glu) + asparagine (Asn) + serine (Ser) as constraint variables. Significant vectors were fitted onto CCA ordination including log transformed relative abundances of OTUs (identified at least at genus level) that were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05) in minerally fertilized soils and exhibited a mean relative abundance of >1.0% (M.e. – Mortierella elongata; R.a. – Rhizopus arrhizus; M.sp. – Mortierella sp.; P.sp. − Podospora sp.; U.sp. – Umbelopsis sp.; M.hy. – Mortierella hyalina; M.hu. – Mortierella humilis). Overlapping designations: ▲ Fruc^∗/M.e.^∗/M.hy.^∗∗, ▲▲ Malic^∗∗/M.hu.^∗∗. Significant codes: ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.