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. 2021 Jan 13;11:581111. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581111

Figure 1.

Figure 1

TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) deficient mice are protected from postoperative ileus (POI). Wt and TRIF-/- mice underwent IM or were left untreated (ctrl). (A–D) Three hours after surgery (IM3h), IL-6, EGR-1, IL-1α, and IL-1β gene expression levels were analyzed within the muscularis externa (ME) and displayed as fold changes after normalization to ctrl. (E) MPO+ leukocyte numbers were identified by Hanker-Yates reaction in mucosal-free muscularis whole mounts 24 h after surgery (IM24h). (F) Gastrointestinal (GI) transit time was determined by distribution of a fluorescent meal along the GI tract within a defined time period. Data were calculated as geometric center of the fluorescence marker distribution. Geometric center (GC) values reciprocally correlate to the motility. St, stomach; C, cecum; Col, colon. Experiments were performed two to four times reaching an overall size of n = 3–10 animals per group. Means + SEM were generated from the overall numbers of each group. Samples were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test and the results are displayed as means ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 versus the corresponding wt group or between indicated groups.