Table 1.

Key Issues Related to Screening TB Patients for Diabetes and Diabetes Patients for TB.

Screening TB patients for DM	Screening can identify many people with undiagnosed or diagnosed but poorly managed DM in many LMIC Blood glucose or HbA1c screening are not widely available in TB clinics in many LMIC; other screening tests are less accurate Transient (inflammation-related) hyperglycaemia which may fall with TB treatment; patients with newly identified hyperglycaemia should be tested again later in treatment Pathways for continued DM care at the end of TB treatment may be patchy and not always available, affordable, or high quality
Screening DM patients for TB	Practical difficulties with testing in DM clinics (e.g., availability of sputum smear and culture, CXR) Low yield, probably not cost-effective except if TB incidence very high
Screening DM patients for LTBI	No direct evidence assessing risks, benefits or cost-effectiveness of screening and treating LTBI in DM patients at present Expected difficulties with scale-up and quality control including exclusion of active TB disease

DM, diabetes; CXR, chest X-ray; LMIC, low- and middle-income countries.