Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatments, complications, outcomes, and resource utilization in SLE patients with and without TMA.
| Total | SLE with TMA | SLE without TMA | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| N (%) | 35,745 | 188 (0.5) | 35,557 (99.5) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 35.8 (15.9) | 31.7 (14.8) | 35.8 (15.9) | <0.001 |
| <20 | 5595 (15.7) | 37 (19.7) | 5558 (15.6) | 0.02 |
| 20–29 | 8942 (25.0) | 60 (31.9) | 8882 (25.0) | |
| 30–39 | 7646 (21.4) | 41 (21.8) | 7605 (21.4) | |
| 40–49 | 6458 (18.1) | 25 (13.3) | 6433 (18.1) | |
| ≥50 | 7087 (19.8) | 25 (13.3) | 7062 (19.9) | |
| Male | 4732 (13.3) | 29 (15.4) | 4703 (13.2) | 0.38 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 8577 (24.0) | 47 (25.0) | 8530 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| African American | 13,156 (36.8) | 66 (35.1) | 13,090 (36.8) | |
| Hispanic | 6103 (17.1) | 17 (9.0) | 6086 (17.1) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1570 (4.4) | 22 (11.7) | 1548 (4.4) | |
| Other | 6339 (17.7) | 36 (19.1) | 6303 (17.7) | |
| Hypertension | 17,174 (48.0) | 103 (54.8) | 17,071 (48.0) | 0.06 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2965 (8.3) | 13 (6.9) | 2952 (8.3) | 0.49 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5989 (16.8) | 53 (28.2) | 5936 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 1275 (3.6) | 11 (5.9) | 1264 (3.6) | 0.09 |
| Management | ||||
| Kidney biopsy | 414 (1.2) | 40 (21.3) | 4401 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| plasmapheresis | 444 (1.2) | 82 (43.6) | 362 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 897 (2.5) | 32 (17.0) | 865 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 4002 (11.2) | 68 (36.2) | 3934 (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Complication and outcomes | ||||
| Hemoptysis | 688 (1.9) | 12 (6.4) | 676 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Pleural effusion/pleuritis | 3354 (9.4) | 17 (9.0) | 3337 (9.4) | 0.87 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 18,201 (50.9) | 159 (84.6) | 18,042 (50.7) | <0.001 |
| Encephalitis/myelitis/encephalopathy | 2351 (6.6) | 33 (17.6) | 2318 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome | 1882 (5.3) | 22 (11.7) | 1860 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Hemolytic anemia | 6341 (17.7) | 65 (34.6) | 6276 (17.7) | <0.001 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 3474 (9.7) | 21 (11.2) | 3453 (9.7) | 0.50 |
| Pneumonia | 2775 (7.8) | 32 (17.0) | 2743 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Urinary tract infection | 3689 (10.3) | 27 (14.4) | 3662 (10.3) | 0.07 |
| Sepsis | 1143 (3.2) | 18 (9.6) | 1125 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic stroke | 727 (2.0) | 21 (11.2) | 706 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Seizure | 2990 (8.4) | 33 (17.6) | 2957 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 5404 (15.1) | 81 (43.1) | 5323 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 455 (1.3) | 12 (6.4) | 443 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Resource utilization | ||||
| Length of hospital stay (days), mean (SD) | 6.6 (8.6) | 19.2 (17.2) | 6.5 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization cost ($), mean (SD) | 43,825.3 (82769.4) | 196,213.5 (210558.5) | 43,021.0 (80,814.5) | <0.001 |