Table 3.

The association between TMA in SLE patients and in-hospital treatment, complications, outcomes, resource utilization.

	Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
	Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted Odds Ratio* (95% CI)	p-Value
Treatments
Kidney biopsy	1.91 (1.35–2.72)	<0.001	1.64 (1.14–2.34)	0.007
Therapeutic plasmapheresis	75.21 (55.37–102.16)	<0.001	67.44 (49.12–92.60)	<0.001
Invasive mechanical ventilation	8.23 (5.59–12.11)	<0.001	7.27 (4.90–10.79)	<0.001
Renal replacement therapy	4.56 (3.38–6.15)	<0.001	5.01 (3.43–7.31)	<0.001
Complications and outcomes
Hemoptysis	3.52 (1.95–6.35)	<0.001	3.27 (1.80–5.91)	<0.001
Pleural effusion/pleuritis	0.96 (0.58–1.58)	0.87	0.92 (0.56–1.52)	0.75
Glomerulonephritis	5.32 (3.58–7.91)	<0.001	5.25 (3.39–8.14)	<0.001
Encephalitis/myelitis/encephalopathy	3.05 (2.09–4.46)	<0.001	2.92 (1.99–4.26)	<0.001
Antiphospholipid syndrome	2.40 (1.54–3.76)	<0.001	2.31 (1.47–3.63)	<0.001
Hemolytic anemia	2.47 (1.82–3.33)	<0.001	2.13 (1.55–2.92)	<0.001
Thrombocytopenia	1.17 (0.74–1.84)	0.50	1.00 (0.63–1.58)	1.00
Pneumonia	2.45 (1.67–3.60)	<0.001	2.49 (1.69–3.66)	<0.001
Urinary tract infection	1.46 (0.97–2.20)	0.07	1.53 (1.01–2.31)	0.04
Sepsis	3.24 (1.99–5.29)	<0.001	2.99 (1.82–4.90)	<0.001
Ischemic stroke	6.21 (3.92–9.83)	<0.001	6.30 (3.96–10.02)	<0.001
Seizure	2.35 (1.61–3.42)	<0.001	2.16 (1.48–3.17)	<0.001
Acute kidney injury	4.30 (3.22–5.75)	<0.001	3.92 (2.90–5.30)	<0.001
In-hospital mortality	5.40 (2.99–9.77)	<0.001	5.54 (3.03–10.15)	<0.001
	Coefficient (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted coefficient * (95% CI)	p-value
Resource utilization
Length of hospital stay (days)	12.7 (11.5–13.9)	<0.001	12.4 (11.2–13.6)	<0.001
Hospitalization cost ($)	153,192.5 (141,308.8–165,076.2)	<0.001	148,862.0 (137,111.8–160,612.0)	<0.001

* Adjusted for age, sex, race, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and cirrhosis.