Table 2.
Baseline and demographic characteristics of the study population selected from the Golestan Cohort participants
| Opiate non-users |
Opiate users |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never tobacco users (n=58)* | Cigarette smokers (n=33)* | Total (n=91) | Exclusive opiate users (n=23)* | Users of opiate and cigarette (n=30) |
Total (n=53) | |
| Age: mean (SD) | 51.2(8.4) | 50.7(7.6) | 51.0 (8.1) | 50.4(5.3) | 48.2(6.9) | 49.2 (6.3) |
| Sex: m/f | 28/30 | 33/0 | 61/30 | 23/0 | 30/0 | 53/0 |
| Turkmen ethnicity % | 70.7 | 72.7 | 71.4 | 100 | 86.7 | 92.5 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban: % | 19.0 | 42.4 | 27.5 | 4.3 | 20 | 13.2 |
| Rural: % | 81.0 | 57.6 | 72.5 | 95.7 | 80 | 86.8 |
| education | ||||||
| None: % | 63.8 | 39.4 | 55.0 | 52.2 | 56.7 | 54.7 |
| 1–8 years: % | 25.9 | 30.3 | 27.5 | 34.8 | 23.3 | 28.3 |
| > 8 years: % | 10.3 | 30.3 | 17.5 | 13.0 | 20.0 | 17.0 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight: % | 1.8 | 0 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 16.7 | 11.3 |
| Normal: % | 31.0 | 42.4 | 35.2 | 26.1 | 70 | 51.0 |
| Overweight: % | 36.2 | 39.4 | 37.4 | 60.9 | 13.3 | 34.0 |
| Obese: % | 31.0 | 18.2 | 26.4 | 8.7 | 0 | 3.7 |
| Age when use started: mean (SD) | ||||||
| Tobacco | NA | 25.2(7.4) | 25.2(7.4) | NA | 27.2(11.1) | 27.2(11.1) |
| Opiate | NA | NA | NA | 45.2(7.2) | 35.4(8.0) | 39.7 (9.0) |
| Use intensity: mean per day (SD) | ||||||
| Cigarette | NA | 10.9(7.3) | NA | NA | 16.4(8.9) | NA |
| Opiate | NA | NA | NA | 3.5(2.7) | 4.7 (3.4) | 4.2 (3.2) |
*
Numbers exclude individuals who had self-reported tobacco status discordant with measured cotinine concentrations