Table 6.

The risk factors for metastases from primary liver cancer

Ref.	Histopathological type	Metastatic sites	Risk factor
Lin et al[22], 2003	HCC	Lung	Tumor size
Ogawa et al[23], 2004	HCC	Distant metastasis	CD44v3
Xiang et al[24], 2009	HCC	Bone	CXCR4
Lin et al[25], 2010	HCC	Vessel	Aurora B
Kwak et al[26], 2012	HCC	Peritoneum	HCC rupture
Morimoto et al[27], 2014	HCC	EHM	Platelet, DCP
Chen et al[28], 2015	Small HCC	IHM and EHM	VEGF
Lee et al[29], 2019	HCC	EHM	AFP

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; EHM: Extrahepatic metastasis; IHM: Intrahepatic metastasis; CD44v3: CD44 variant exon 3; CXCR4: CXC motif chemokine receptor 4; DCP: Des-γ-carboxyprothrombin; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.