Table 3.
OLS/logistic/RE/RE logistic estimates for sociodemographic determinants of CHAI score and the prevalence of ideal CHAI, CHARLS 2011 and 2015
| Variables | CHAI score Coefficients (95% CIs) |
Prevalence of ideal CHAI (CHAI score: 0–2) Odds Ratio (95% CIs) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | RE | Logistic | RE logistic | |
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Age groups | ||||
| 60–64 (ref.) | ||||
| 65–69 | 0.50*** (0.36, 0.63) | 0.51*** (0.41, 0.59) | 0.49*** (0.38, 0.64) | 0.41*** (0.31, 0.52) |
| 70–74 | 1.16*** (0.97, 1.35) | 1.24*** (1.13, 1.35) | 0.30*** (0.13, 0.72) | 0.12*** (0.08, 0.19) |
| 75–79 | 1.81*** (1.63, 1.99) | 1.71*** (1.57, 1.85) | 0.14*** (0.07, 0.27) | 0.09*** (0.05, 0.17) |
| ≥ 80 | 2.44*** (2.15, 2.73) | 2.42*** (2.22, 2.62) | 0.01*** (0.00, 0.06) | 0.01*** (0.00, 0.08) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female (ref.) | ||||
| Male | 0.50*** (0.35, 0.64) | 0.48*** (0.37, 0.58) | 0.45*** (0.32, 0.63) | 0.46*** (0.34, 0.61) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Others (ref.) | ||||
| Married | −0.37*** (− 0.52, − 0.23) | − 0.32*** (− 0.43, − 0.21) | 1.31 (0.90, 1.89) | 1.34* (0.96, 1.85) |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate (ref.) | ||||
| Primary school | − 0.41*** (− 0.55, − 0.28) | −0.46*** (− 0.57, − 0.35) | 1.88*** (1.47, 2.40) | 2.25*** (1.69, 3.02) |
| Middle school | −1.06*** (−1.29, − 0.83) | −0.80*** (− 0.94, − 0.66) | 3.29*** (2.07, 5.25) | 2.79*** (1.97, 3.97) |
| High school or higher | −1.03*** (− 1.26, − 0.81) | −1.03*** (− 1.23, − 0.83) | 2.79*** (1.79, 4.34) | 4.08*** (2.53, 6.58) |
| Region | ||||
| North (ref.) | ||||
| East | − 0.08 (− 0.36, 0.19) | −0.19*** (− 0.42, 0.04) | 1.31 (0.74, 2.31) | 1.52 (0.87, 2.64) |
| Central | 0.15 (−0.04, 0.33) | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.19) | 0.99 (0.68, 1.42) | 1.07 (0.73, 1.56) |
| Southwest | 0.35*** (0.14, 0.56) | 0.25*** (0.09, 0.41) | 0.64** (0.42, 0.99) | 0.69* (0.45, 1.06) |
| Northeast | 0.21* (−0.03, 0.45) | 0.04 (−0.18, 0.25) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.30) | 0.92 (0.55, 1.55) |
| Northwest | 0.42*** (0.17, 0.68) | 0.19* (−0.02, 0.39) | 0.92 (0.56, 1.50) | 0.98 (0.59, 1.63) |
| South central | 0.36*** (0.15, 0.57) | 0.19** (0.02, 0.36) | 1.03 (0.68, 1.57) | 1.04 (0.68, 1.60) |
| South east | 0.06 (−0.22, 0.35) | −0.18 (− 0.39, 0.03) | 1.61* (0.97, 2.67) | 1.70** (1.03, 2.81) |
| South | 0.04 (−0.33, 0.40) | 0.26*** (0.05, 0.46) | 0.97 (0.37, 2.54) | 0.73 (0.43, 1.24) |
| Current residence | ||||
| Urban (ref.) | ||||
| Rural | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) | −0.02 (− 0.12, 0.08) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.17) |
| Smoking | ||||
| No (ref.) | ||||
| Yes | 0.18** (0.04, 0.31) | 0.12** (0.02, 0.23) | 0.76* (0.57, 1.03) | 0.69*** (0.50, 0.90) |
| Weight status | ||||
| BMI < 24 (ref.) | ||||
| BMI ≥ 24 (overweight) | 0.64*** (0.52, 0.76) | 0.60*** (0.51, 0.69) | 0.46*** (0.33, 0.64) | 0.37*** (0.28, 0.47) |
| Chronic disease | ||||
| No (ref.) | ||||
| Yes | 0.26*** (0.14, 0.38) | 0.35*** (0.25, 0.45) | 0.77** (0.59, 1.00) | 0.67*** (0.52, 0.85) |
| Social activity | ||||
| No (ref.) | ||||
| Yes | −0.21*** (− 0.32, − 0.10) | − 0.17*** (− 0.24, − 0.09) | 1.12* (0.90, 1.41) | 1.21* (0.97, 1.51) |
| Survey year | ||||
| 2011 (ref.) | ||||
| 2015 | − 0.41*** (− 0.52, − 0.29) | − 0.43*** (− 0.50, − 0.36) | 1.89*** (1.46, 2.44) | 2.08*** (1.66, 2.60) |
| N | 8182 | 8182 | 8182 | 8182 |
| Adj.R2/Pseudo R2 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.14 | |
CHARLS China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHAI Chinese Healthy Ageing Index, OLS Ordinary least squares, RE Random effects. * p ≤ 0.1, ** p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.01