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. 2021 Jan 27;23:42. doi: 10.1186/s13075-021-02427-9

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Relationship between the gut microbiota and osteoarthritis development. OA-relevant factors are involved in OA either directly, or via the modulation of gut microbiota. Several disease-modifying therapeutic approaches can relieve OA symptoms directly, or via altering the composition of gut microbiota to influence OA progression indirectly. OA, osteoarthritis