Table 1.
Comparison of characteristics of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who did and did not receive antibiotic therapy.
| Antibiotic therapy (n = 174) | No antibiotic therapy (n = 48) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 71.5 ± 15.8 | 65.3 ± 20.4 | 0.03 |
| Sex | 0.85 | ||
| Female, n (%) | 77 (44) | 22 (46) | |
| Male, n (%) | 97 (66) | 26 (54) | |
| Risk factors for COVID-19, n (%) | 144 (83) | 32 (67) | 0.02 |
| Age >75 years, n (%) | 76 (44) | 14 (29) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 37 (21) | 14 (29) | 0.25 |
| Cardiovascular diseasea, n (%) | 111 (64) | 22 (46) | 0.03 |
| Chronic respiratory diseaseb, n (%) | 24 (14) | 6 (13) | 0.82 |
| BMI < 16 kg/m², n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.60 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², n (%) | 29 (17) | 5 (11) | 0.28 |
| Pregnancy, n (%) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.46 |
| Immunodepressionc, n (%) | 15 (9) | 4 (9) | 0.98 |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.60 |
| Chronic kidney failured, n (%) | 16 (9) | 2 (4) | 0.26 |
| Other past medical history | |||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 4 (3) | 4 (11) | 0.03 |
| Chronic alcoholism, n (%) | 11 (9) | 2 (6) | 0.66 |
| Depression, n (%) | 23 (13) | 9 (19) | 0.33 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 38 (22) | 10 (21) | 0.85 |
| CCI score, median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.5–6.0) | 0.24 |
| CCI score without age, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.61 |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Any of the following cardiovascular diseases with or without heart failure: high blood pressure, valvular disease, rhythmic disease and coronaropathy.
b
Any of the following chronic respiratory diseases with or without respiratory failure: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema and asthma.
c
Any type of immunodepression.
d
Defined as creatinine clearance <60 mL/min.