TABLE 4.
Summary of studies based on AM hydrogels.
| Author, year | Therapeutic goal | Experimental settings (target tissue/cells) | Secondary biomaterial | Conclusion | References |
| Hussin, 2011 | Cartilage TE | In vitro (primary chondrocytes) | Fibrinogen | The hydrogel-based on AM and fibrin not only secretes cartilage-specific ECM and has significant amounts of GAGs but also preserves cellular phenotype and has a reasonable biodegradation rate | Hussin et al., 2011 |
| Ryzhuka, 2017 | Cell delivery and TE | In vitro and in vivo (PMSCs, Sprague Dawley rat) | – | AM hydrogel supports cellular growth and maintains the normal morphology and physiology of the embedded cells and does not induce any inflammation | Ryzhuk et al., 2018 |
| Murphy, 2017 | Wound healing | In vitro and in vivo (human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte, mice) | HA | HA-AME hydrogel accelerates wound closure through increasing epithelialization and decreasing contraction and results in smaller average vessel areas | Murphy et al., 2017 |
| Lee, 2018 | Fetal membrane healing | In vivo (pregnant miniature swine) | PCL framework | AM gel successfully seals the defect site in the fetal membrane and stop AF leakage | Lee et al., 2018 |
| Murphy, 2019 | Wound healing | In vivo (pig) | HA | HA-AME and AM powder both better stabilize the wound in comparison with other treatments | Tseng, 2016 |
| Toniato, 2019 | Articular cartilage TE | In vitro | Chitosan | Hybrid hydrogel based on dAM and Ch has the high swelling capacity and elastic modulus | Toniato et al., 2019 |
| Rahman, 2019 | Burn wound healing | In vitro and in vivo (HaCaT, HFF1, Wistar rats) | Aloe vera | Wound dressing based on AM and AV accelerated wound closure with minimum scar formation | Rahman et al., 2019 |
| Henry, 2019 | Post-MI tissue repair | In vitro and in vivo (BAECs, rat) | Injectable and thermoresponsive AM hydrogel improves cardiac contractility and decreases fibrosis | Henry et al., 2020 | |
| Rana, 2020 | Burn healing | In vitro and in vivo (RBC, Wistar rat) | Collagen | Hydrogel based on AM and collagen increases the rate of wound healing mainly when it is utilized with a wound dressing membrane | Rana et al., 2020 |
| Lei, 2020 | Vascular graft | In vitro and in vivo (HUVEC, RBC, New Zealand rabbit) | AlgSr/PAM | This graft is resistance to enzymatic degradation and possesses anti-calcification effect, activates platelet and hemolysis, and enhances vascular remodeling and repair | Lei et al., 2020 |
| Peng, 2020 | Vascular graft | In vitro and in vivo (HUVECs, HASMCs, New Zealand rabbits | ADA/REDV | This graft has enhanced mechanical strength and resistance to enzymic degradation. It accelerates endothelialization, and the addition of REDV to this structure stimulates natural anticoagulant substances on naturally derived blood vessels. | Peng et al., 2020 |