TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the study population on admission
| ACLF n = 31 | Non‐liver sepsis n = 20 | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 48 (22–66) | 61 (23–71) |
| Etiology of liver disease | ||
| Alcohol | 21 (68%) | |
| Viral | 1 (3%) | |
| NASH | 3 (10%) | |
| Biliary | 2 (6%) | |
| Other | 4 (13%) | |
| Source of sepsis | ||
| Pulmonary | 13 (65%) | |
| Cellulitis | 2 (10%) | |
| Endocarditis | 1 (5%) | |
| Meningitis | 1 (5%) | |
| Dental | 1 (5%) | |
| Nosocomial vascular catheter | 1 (5%) | |
| Bacteraemia source unclear | 1 (5%) | |
| Male (n) | 21 (68%) | 11 (55%) |
| SOFA score | 8 (2–19) | 4 (1–9) |
| CLIF‐SOFA score | 11 (5–20) | n/a |
| CLIF‐C‐ACLF score | 57 (38–71) | n/a |
| ISTH DIC score | 0 (0–5) | |
| MELD, points | 40 (15–67) | n/a |
| Child‐Pugh, points | 11 (5–20) | n/a |
| Mechanical ventilation (n) | 11 (35%) | 18 (90%) |
| Vasopressors required (n) | 11 (35%) | 11 (55%) |
| RRT (n) | 17 (55%) | 5 (25%) |
| GCS | 15 (3–15) | 7 (2–15) |
| Mortality within 30 days of admission n (%) | 9 (29%) | 5 (25%) |
| Medication on admission | ||
| Antibiotics | ||
| Any | 30 (97%) | 20 (100%) |
| Oral | 26 (84%) | 9 (45%) |
| Parenteral | 6 (19%) | 11 (55%) |
| Antifungal | 8 (26%) | 1 (5%) |
| Betablocker | 17 (55%) | 0 (0%) |
| Rifaximin | 2 (6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Unfractionated heparin | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Low molecular weight heparin | 1 (3%) | 3 (15%) |
| Platelet concentrate | 3 (10%) | 1 (5%) |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 10 (32%) | 2 (10%) |
| Cryoprecipitate | 5 (16%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ascites | ||
| No | 7 (23%) | 20 (100%) |
| Minimal | 14 (45%) | 0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe | 10 (32%) | 0 (0%) |
Shown are numbers or medians with ranges.
Abbreviations: ACLF, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure; CLIF, chronic liver failure; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; ISTH DIC, International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; MELD, model of end‐stage liver disease; n/a, not applicable; NASH, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.