TABLE 2.

Average individual outcomes for means by urban and rural status

Core variables	Urban mean	Rural mean	Average mean for total
Sociodemographic variables
Education	15.1	13.8	14.8
BMI	25.1	25.12	25.1
Maternal Age	29.7	29.0	29.5
Gravidity	2.5	2.8	2.6
Parity	1.0	1.3	1.1
Married	77.7	78.9	78.0
Public Insurance	28.4	3.26	29.4
Private Insurance	61.5	45.8	57.9
Race—White‐Non‐Hispanic	74.1	84.0	76.4
Black	10.0	4.5	8.8
Hispanic	8.5	6.4	8.0
Quality indicators
Maternal outcomes
Episiotomy	1.9	1.1	1.7
Cesarean	9.6	8.1	9.2
Induction	11.1	10.6	11.0
Exclusive Breast	94.3	95.6	94.6
Exclusive Formula	1.3	1.5	1.4
Infant Outcome
Birthweight Pounds	7.71	7.74	7.72
One‐Minute Apgar	8.0	7.9	8.0
Five‐Minute Apgar	8.9	8.9	8.9
Low Five‐Minute Apgar	1.2	1.3	1.2
NICU Admission	1.0	1.1	1.1
Transfers
Transfer—Antepartum	20.4	19.9	20.3
Transfer—Intrapartum	10.8	10.3	10.6
Transfer—Neonatal	1.2	1.3	1.2
Transfer—Postpartum	1.1	1.1	1.1
Place
Birth Place—Birth Center	60.3	60.9	60.4
Birth Place—Hospital	36.3	32.8	35.4
Birth Place—Home	2.2	4.9	2.8
Intended—Birth Center	83.2	82.1	82.9
Intended—Hospital	11.3	8.4	10.7
Intended—Home	2.2	4.7	2.8

Urban mean, N = 68 203; rural mean, N = 20 371; mean for total, N = 88 574.