Table 4.
Drug types dispensed (total and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]‐specific) by presence of psychiatric comorbidity*
| Variable | Depression | Anxiety |
All psychiatric disorders |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total drug categories | |||
| Cohort effect† | |||
| When between‐person PSYC effect = 0 | 3.40 (3.32, 3.48) | 3.50 (3.42, 3.58) | 3.39 (3.31, 3.48) |
| When between‐person PSYC effect = 1 | 5.00 (4.55, 5.47) | 5.33 (4.69, 5.97) | 4.98 (4.55, 5.42) |
| When within‐person PSYC effect = 0 | 3.40 (3.32, 3.48) | 3.50 (3.42, 3.58) | 3.39 (3.31, 3.48) |
| When within‐person PSYC effect = 1 | 3.47 (3.23, 3.52) | 3.50 (3.35, 3.64) | 3.37 (3.24, 3.51) |
| Among RA cases† | |||
| Between‐person effect PSYC | 6.96 (6.52, 7.40) | 7.01 (6.39, 7.62) | 6.85 (6.43, 7.27) |
| Within‐person effect PSYC | 0.67 (0.56, 0.78) | 0.56 (0.44, 0.67) | 0.71 (0.61, 0.81) |
| Among matches† | |||
| Between‐person effect PSYC | 5.35 (5.17, 5.53) | 5.17 (4.92, 5.43) | 5.26 (5.09, 5.43) |
| Within‐person effect PSYC | 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) | 0.56 (0.51, 0.60) | 0.73 (0.68, 0.78) |
| Interaction between person (RA/PSYC) | 1.61 (1.13, 2.08) | 1.83 (1.17, 2.49) | 1.59 (1.13, 2.05) |
| Interaction within person (RA/PSYC) | –0.03 (–0.15,0.09) | –0.00 (–0.12, 0.12) | –0.02 (–0.13, 0.09) |
| RA immunomodulatory drugs‡ | |||
| Cohort effect† | |||
| When between‐person PSYC effect = 0 | 0.75 (0.74, 0.76) | 0.75 (0.74, 0.76) | 0.75 (0.73, 0.76) |
| When between‐person PSYC effect = 1 | 0.65 (0.60, 0.71) | 0.59 (0.51, 0.67) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.72) |
| When within‐person PSYC effect = 0 | 0.75 (0.74, 0.76) | 0.75 (0.74, 0.76) | 0.75 (0.73, 0.76) |
| When within‐person PSYC effect = 1 | 0.753 (0.73, 0.78) | 0.76 (0.73, 0.78) | 0.75 (0.73, 0.78) |
| Among RA cases† | |||
| Between‐person effect PSYC | –0.07 (–0.13, –0.003) | –0.13 (–0.21, –0.05) | –0.05 (–0.12, 0.01) |
| Within‐person effect PSYC | –0.00 (–0.02, 0.02) | 0.01 (–0.02, 0.03) | 0.001 (–0.02, 0.02) |
| Among matches† | |||
| Between‐person effect PSYC | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) |
| Within‐person effect PSYC | –0.01 (–0.01, –0.001) | –0.00 (–0.004, 0.004) | –0.001 (–0.01, 0.002) |
| Interaction between person (RA/PSYC) | –0.10 (–0.16, –0.03) | –0.16 (–0.25, –0.08) | 0.74 (0.73, 0.75) |
| Interaction within person (RA/PSYC) | 0.00 (–0.02, 0.02) | 0.01 (–0.02, 0.03) | 0.00 (–0.02, 0.02) |
*
Values are the standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval). PSYC = active psychiatric comorbidity.
†
Adjusted for sex, age group, region, year of diagnosis, disease duration, Socioeconomic Factor Index score, and Aggregated Diagnosis Groups. Between‐person and within‐person interaction terms included in the model.
‡
RA immunomodulatory drugs included methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, gold salts, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, azathioprine, penicillamine, biologics, and JAK inhibitors.