Table 1.

Roles and Mechanisms of CSCs in Macrophage Biology

CSCs Contribute to Macrophage Recruitment
Cancer Type	CSC-Derived Chemokines	Chemokine Receptors	References
Glioma	OLFML3	not shown	Chen et al., 2020b
	POSTN	αvβ3 integrin	Zhou et al., 2015
	CXCL12B	CXCR4	Chia et al., 2018
	CCL5 and CX3CL1	CCL5R and CX3CR1	Guo et al., 2019b
Cholangiocarcinoma	POSTN	Αvβ3 integrin	Zeng et al., 2018
Lung cancer	TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6	IL-6R	Lu et al., 2018
Bladder cancer	IL-6 and CCL2	IL-6R and CCR2	Kobatake et al., 2020
CRC	IL-33	ST2	Fang et al., 2017
Liver cancer	CCL2 and M-CSF	CCR2 and CSF1R	Guo et al., 2017
Breast cancer	M-CSF, CCL2, CCL5, and vascular endothelial growth factor A	not shown	Valeta-Magara et al., 2019
CSCs Contribute to Macrophage Polarization
Cancer Type	CSC-Derived Chemokines	Mechanisms	References
Glioma	IL-6, IL-10, M-CSF, TGF-b1, and MIC-1	STAT3 pathway	Wu et al., 2010; Yao et al., 2016
	WISP1	α6β1 integrin/AKT pathway	Tao et al., 2020
	exosomes	STAT3 pathway	Gabrusiewicz et al., 2018
Ovarian cancer	IL-10 and WNT	NF-κB pathway	Raghavan et al., 2019
Cholangiocarcinoma	IL-13, IL-34, and osteoactivin	not shown	Raggi et al., 2017
Bladder cancer	IL-6 and CCL2	STAT3 pathway	Kobatake et al., 2020
Breast cancer	IL-6	STAT3 pathway	Weng et al., 2019