Table 2.

Roles and Mechanisms of TAMs in CSC Stemness

Cancer Type	TAM-Derived Factors	Mechanisms	References
Breast cancer	IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF	SRC and NF-κB pathways	Lu et al., 2014
	IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-10	STAT3/NF-κB pathway	Guo et al., 2019a
	IL-8 and CXCL1	STAT3 pathway	Valeta-Magara et al., 2019
	EGF	EGFR/STAT3/SOX2 pathway	Yang et al., 2013
GBM	HB-EGF and IL-1β	not shown	Hide et al., 2018
	IL-12	not shown	Tabu et al., 2020
	CCL8	CCR1/CCR5/ERK1/2 pathway	Zhang et al., 2020
HCC	TNF-α	WNT/β-catenin pathway TNFR1/SRC/STAT3 pathway	Chen et al., 2019b; Li et al., 2017
	TGF-β	not shown	Fan et al., 2014
	IL-6	STAT3 pathway	Wan et al., 2014
Prostate cancer	CCL5	β-catenin/STAT3 pathway	Huang et al., 2020
Pancreatic cancer	IL-1β	NF-κB pathway	Nomura et al., 2018
	hCAP-18/LL-37	Formyl peptide receptor 2 and P2X7R	Sainz et al., 2015
	TGF-β	SMAD2/3/NANOG pathway	Zhang et al., 2019a
CRC	PGE2	not shown	Fang et al., 2017
	MFG-E8	STAT3 and SHH pathways	Jinushi et al., 2011
Ovarian cancer	WNT5B and IL-6	not shown	Raghavan et al., 2019
Lymphoma	PTN	PTN receptor/β-catenin pathway	Wei et al., 2019b