Table 4.

CSC-T Cell Crosstalk

Roles and Mechanisms of CSCs in T Cell Infiltration, Proliferation, and Activation
Cancer Type	CSC-Derived Factors	T Cell Type	Mechanisms	References
GBM	TGF-β, CCL2, and galectin-3	CD4+/CD8+ T cell and T-reg cell	STAT3 pathway	Wei et al., 2010
	exosomes	CD3+/CD4+ T cell	α5β1/αvβ6 integrin/mTOR pathway	Domenis et al., 2017; Mirzaei et al., 2018
Prostate cancer	TNC	CD4+/CD8+ T cell	α5β1 integrin pathway	Jachetti et al., 2015
SCCHN	IL-8, G-CSF, and TGF-β	T cell and T-reg cell	not shown	Chikamatsu et al., 2011
Ovarian cancer	CCL5	T-reg cell	not shown	You et al., 2018
Breast cancer	CCL1	T-reg cell	CCL/CCR8 pathway	Xu et al., 2017a
Melanoma	unknown	T-reg cell	CD86-dependent pathway	Schatton et al., 2010
	TGF-β	T-reg cell	integrin-α/SMAD2 pathway	Shidal et al., 2019
Roles and Mechanisms of T Cells in CSC Stemness
Cancer Type	T-Cell-Derived Factors	T Cell Type	Mechanisms	References
GBM	TNF-α and IFN-γ	T cell	not shown	Mirzaei et al., 2018
NSCLC	IFN-γ	CD8+ T cell	PI3K/AKT/NOTCH1 pathway	Song et al., 2019
Breast cancer	unknown	T-reg cell	SOX2/NANOG/OCT4	Xu et al., 2017a
HCC	TGF-β	T-reg cell	EMT	Shi et al., 2018a; Xu et al., 2009
CRC	TGF-β	T-reg cell	driving dedifferentiation	Nakano et al., 2019
AML	IL-10	T-reg cell	PI3K/AKT/OCT4/NANOG pathway	Xu et al., 2017b
Gastric cancer	IL-17	Th17	STAT3 pathway	Jiang et al., 2017
Ovarian and pancreatic cancer	IL-17	Th17 and CD4+ T cells	p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways	Xiang et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018