Table 3.
Socioeconomic and Environmental Characteristics of Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
| Characteristic | No IMV (n = 1596) | IMV (n = 442) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 63.5 (16.8) | 65.5 (14.0) |
| Female, no. (%) | 836 (52.41) | 191 (43.21) |
| Length of stay, days (Q1–Q3) | 6 (3–8) | 19 (10–26) |
| Readmission, no. (%) | 185 (11.59) | 41 (9.28) |
| Race, no. (%) | ||
| White | 557 (34.9) | 137 (31) |
| Black | 924 (57.89) | 285 (64.48) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 29 (1.82) | 10 (2.26) |
| Native American | 2 (0.13) | 0 (0) |
| Other/missing | 84 (5.26) | 10 (2.26) |
| Living situation, no. (%) | ||
| With family | 902 (64.75) | 308 (70.97) |
| Alone | 207 (14.86) | 60 (13.82) |
| Group facility | 284 (20.39) | 66 (15.21) |
| Insurance status, no. (%) | ||
| Commercial insurance | 417 (29.2) | 77 (18.92) |
| Medicare | 709 (49.65) | 249 (61.18) |
| Medicaid | 238 (16.67) | 66 (16.22) |
| Self-pay | 4 (0.28) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 19 (1.33) | 2 (0.49) |
| No insurance | 41 (2.87) | 13 (3.19) |
| Medical conditions, no. (%) | ||
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 31.3 (8.3) | 33.3 (9.8) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.06 (2.10) | 2.81 (2.36) |
| Hypertension | 1131 (70.91) | 363 (82.13) |
| Psychiatric condition | 402 (25.2) | 118 (26.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 218 (13.67) | 90 (20.36) |
| Congestive heart failure | 193 (12.1) | 83 (18.78) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 207 (12.98) | 64 (14.48) |
| COPD | 199 (12.48) | 95 (21.49) |
| Diabetes | 471 (29.53) | 181 (40.95) |
| Diabetes with complications | 89 (5.58) | 43 (9.73) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 253 (15.86) | 104 (23.53) |
| Malignancy | 97 (6.08) | 39 (8.82) |
| Metastatic cancer | 17 (1.07) | 9 (2.04) |
| Tobacco use | 609 (41.07) | 201 (50.63) |
| Substance use | 146 (10.27) | 40 (10.2) |
| Neighborhood characteristics, % (SD) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 19 (14) | 16 (12) |
| Less than high school | 9 (6) | 10 (6) |
| Median income (Q1–Q3) | 48,680 (30,050–72,434) | 40,488 (27,679–62,992) |
| Renters | 37 (22) | 39 (21) |
| Unemployment | 5 (3) | 5 (4) |
| Poverty rate | 23 (18) | 26 (18) |
| SNAP recipients | 23 (18) | 26 (17) |
| No vehicle access | 14 (13) | 16 (13) |
Q1–Q3, first quartile–third quartile; SD, standard deviation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program