Table 1. Comparison of cases of AKI-related PRES.
| Case | Age (years)/sex | Features of AKI | Clinical and radiological presentations of PRES | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cause of AKI | Cr at time of AKI (mg/dL) | Time from AKI to PRES (days) | Seizures | HA | Visual disturbance | AMS | Radiological findings | BP range (mm Hg) | Time to resolution of PRES (clinical and/or radiological) | ||
| Present | 33/female | Vancomycin | 8.5 | 12 | Yes | Yes | Bilateral vision loss | Yes | Bilateral occipital and posterior parietal T2-weighted/FLAIR subcortical white-matter hyperintensities | 107–156/68–108 | 6 days |
| Kimura et al.3 | 17/male | Strenuous exercise | 9 | 5 | Yes | Yes | Visual agnosia | Increased signal intensity in the subcortical white matter predominantly in posterior and parietal lobes of cerebrum and in cerebellum | 158–168/88–108 | 25 days | |
| Kim et al.4 | 25/male | Acute hepatitis A | 5.19 | 32 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Hyperintense signal alterations in the bilateral subcortical regions of temporoparietal and occipital lobes | 120–180/50–90 | 14 days |
| Aggarwal et al.5 | 6/female | Hypovolemia after trauma | 1.70* | 1 | Yes | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Yes | Noncontrast head CTrevealed bilateral multiple hypodense foci in white matter predominately in parieto-occipital lobes | 150–160/90–100† | 4 days |
*Normal Cr range for a 6-year-old: 0.3–0.7 mg/dL, †Normal BP range for a 6-year-old: 97–115/57–76 mm Hg.
AKI: acute kidney injury, AMS: altered mental status, BP: blood pressure, Cr: creatinine, CT: computed tomography, HA: headache, PRES: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.