Table 2. Mean range of the studied parameters in normal, SKCN, and KCN eyes.
Parameters | Normal | SKCN | KCN | P (ANOVA) | P1 | P2 |
Pentacam | ||||||
Curvature based | ||||||
Front K1 (D) | 42.972±1.538 | 43.122±1.718 | 45.697±2.745 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Front K2 (D) | 44.654±1.695 | 44.681±1.894 | 49.036±3.317 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Front Kmax (D) | 45.062±1.754 | 45.826±2.077 | 53.795±4.642 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Back K1(D) | -6.075±0.248 | -6.110±0.300 | -6.684±0.630 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Back K2 (D) | -6.519±0.306 | -6.527±0.349 | -7.374±0.675 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Back Kmax (mm) | -6.290±0.255 | -6.306±0.302 | -7.001±0.626 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
ARC (mm) | 7.707±0.261 | 7.613±0.314 | 6.817±0.472 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
PRC (mm) | 6.278±0.253 | 6.100±0.326 | 5.188±0.487 | <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 |
ISV | 19.632±8.197 | 26.114±10.131 | 72.814±30.621 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
IVA | 0.109±0.041 | 0.227±0.132 | 0.784±0.413 | <0.001 | 0.013 | <0.001 |
KI | 1.021±0.019 | 1.055±0.032 | 1.200±0.106 | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 |
CKI | 1.007±0.005 | 1.009±0.011 | 1.047±0.037 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
I-S value (D) | 0.122±0.530 | 1.275±0.956 | 5.557±3.277 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
KISA | 162.297±679.62 | 275.438±1340.31 | 411.936±751.65 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Elevation based | ||||||
IHA | 5.628±4.396 | 12.877±9.562 | 32.064±24.694 | <0.001 | 0.014 | <0.001 |
IHD | 0.009±0.005 | 0.024±0.017 | 0.107±0.057 | <0.001 | 0.034 | <0.001 |
Pachymetric | ||||||
TCP (µm) | 541.809±31.78 | 507.734±30.82 | 461.057±40.35 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
PPImax | 1.287±0.204 | 1.658±0.415 | 2.710±0.835 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
ARTmax | 432.971±78.40 | 327.253±90.67 | 187.129±64.320 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Integrated | ||||||
BADD | 1.069±0.678 | 2.445±1.260 | 7.211±3.081 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
PRFI | 0.105±0.100 | 0.536±0.345 | 0.955±0.962 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Sirius | ||||||
Curvature based | ||||||
K1 (D) | 42.156±4.891 | 42.950±1.652 | 45.274±2.508 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
K2 (D) | 44.612±2.930 | 44.458±1.821 | 48.257±3.023 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
Curve (Kmax, D) | 45.425±2.098 | 46.619±2.213 | 54.118±4.406 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
SIf | 0.011±0.474 | 1.278±1.102 | 5.993±3.579 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
SIb | 0.097±0.982 | 0.421±0.380 | 1.613±0.896 | <0.001 | 0.040 | <0.001 |
Elevation based | ||||||
KVf | 4.015±1.625 | 7.861±4.208 | 28.271±14.998 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 |
KVb | 11.309±3.448 | 20.392±10.714 | 66.057±34.190 | <0.001 | 0.024 | <0.001 |
Pachymetric | ||||||
Thkmin (µm) | 539.221±32.953 | 501.127±32.421 | 445.219±86.449 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Corvis | ||||||
Deformation | ||||||
A1L (mm) | 2.407±0.292 | 2.220±0.332 | 2.107±0.353 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
A2L (mm) | 2.063±0.391 | 1.868±0.288 | 1.660±0.339 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
A1T (ms) | 7.595±0.468 | 7.255±0.506 | 6.965±0.424 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
A2T (ms) | 21.041±0.385 | 21.171±0.425 | 21.386±0.462 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
A1V (mm/ms) | 0.118±0.015 | 0.128±0.019 | 0.140±0.027 | <0.001 | 0.015 | <0.001 |
A2V (mm/ms) | -0.255±0.023 | -0.268±0.028 | -0.286±0.037 | <0.001 | 0.034 | <0.001 |
DAratio1 | 1.572±0.050 | 1.618±0.066 | 1.688±0.082 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
DAratio2 | 4.114±0.344 | 4.505±0.483 | 5.170±0.724 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
HCDA (mm) | 0.942±0.079 | 0.991±0.105 | 1.055±0.115 | <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 |
Deflection | ||||||
A1DfA (mm) | 0.100±0.006 | 0.100±0.009 | 0.109±0.011 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
A2DfA (mm) | 0.110±0.011 | 0.108±0.014 | 0.118±0.013 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 |
HCDfA (mm) | 0.825±0.080 | 0.869±0.102 | 0.931±0.119 | <0.001 | 0.030 | <0.001 |
InvRadMax (mm) | 0.159±0.016 | 0.172±0.020 | 0.199±0.031 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
IntRC1 (mm−1) | 6.873±0.834 | 7.759±1.278 | 9.508±2.027 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Integrated | ||||||
ARTh | 519.448±138.67 | 403.783±122.3 | 229.875±92.76 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
SPA1(mm Hg/mm) | 110.490±15.99 | 92.135±19.33 | 70.497±18.99 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
CBI | 0.128±0.247 | 0.481±0.410 | 0.933±0.206 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
TBI | 0.222±0.229 | 0.702±0.384 | 0.998±0.010 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
K1: Keratometry in flat meridian; K2: Keratometry in steep meridian; Kmax: Max keratometry; ARC: Anterior radius of curvature in the 3 mm zone; PRC: Posterior radius of curvature in the 3.0 mm zone; TCP: Thinnest corneal point; PPImax: Maximum of pachymetric progression index; ARTmax: Maximum Ambrosio's relational thickness; ISV: Index of surface variance; IVA: Index of vertical asymmetry; KI: Keratoconus index; CKI: Central keratoconus index; IHA: Index of height asymmetry; IHD: Index of height decentration; I-S value: Inferior-superior difference value; KISA: Keratoconus percentage index; BADD: Belin/Ambrosio enhanced ectasia total deviation value; PRFI: Pentacam random forest index; ThkMin: Thinnest corneal thickness; SIf and SIb: Symmetry index of front and back of corneal curvature; KVf and KVb: Keratoconus vertex front/back; AL1, AL2: The length of flattened cornea at first/second applanations; A1T, A2T: Time from the beginning of air-puff until the first/second applanation; AV1, AV2: Corneal velocity at the first/second applanations; DAratio1, DAratio2: Maximum deformation amplitude ratio at 1 mm and 2 mm; HCDA: Deformation amplitude of the highest concavity; A1DfA, A2DfA: Deflection amplitude of the first/second applanation; HCDfA: Deflection amplitude of the highest concavity; InvRadmax: Maximum inverse radius; IntRC1: Integrated radiu; ARTh: Ambrosio relational thickness to the horizontal profile; SPA1: Stiffness parameter at first applanation; CBI: Corneal biomechanical index; TBI: Topographic and biomechanical index; SKCN: Subclinical keratoconus; KCN: Keratoconus; D: Diopter; NS: Not significant. 1The comparison between normal and SKCN eyes; 2The comparison between normal and KCN.