Table 1.
Example of micropinocytosis in different cancer types
| Type of cancer | Molecular driver | Macropinocytic cargo | Signaling Pathway | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pancreatic cancer | KRAS | proteins | RAS, PI3K | [1,9] |
| lung cancer | KRAS | proteins, ATP | RAS, PI3K, Rac | [26,28-31] |
| galectin-3 | ||||
| integrin αvβ3 | ||||
| AMPK | ||||
| colorectal cancer | KRAS | proteins | RAS, PI3K, Wnt | [39,42,43] |
| Fz | ||||
| Lrp6 | ||||
| APC | ||||
| PRMT1 | ||||
| bladder cancer | HRAS | proteins | RAS, PI3K, Wnt | [46,48] |
| KRAS | ||||
| PTEN | ||||
| brain and nervous system cancers | ||||
| GBM | HRAS | proteins | RAS, PI3K | [49] |
| KRAS | ||||
| neuroblastoma | IGF-1 | proteins | PI3K | [57] |
| PMA | proteins | ? | [57] | |
| medulloblastoma | TrkA | proteins | ? | [58] |
| prostate cancer | PTEN | necrotic cell debris | PI3K | [7,27,61-63] |
| AMPK |