The diterpenoid alkaloid biosynthetic pathway and the differential expression of the unigenes involved in A. vilmorinianum. R1 is the early stage of root formation, R2 is the middle stage, and R3 is the final stage. a The expression levels of unigenes encoding enzymes from each step are shown. The columns are R1, R2, R3, corresponding to the early stage, middle stage and final stage of root formation, respectively, and the rows correspond to unigenes. Red and bule represent high and low expression levels, respectively. b The early stage (R1), middle stage (R2) and final stage (R3) of root formation. c Yunaconitine content of the early stage (R1), middle stage (R2) and final stage (R3) of root formation