Table 3.
Hazard ratios and 95% CI for composite events in each of HFrEF and HFpEF.
| All-cause death or readmission for HF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFrEF | HFpEF | |||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Model 1 | ||||
| Low iron (serum Fe < 62 µg/dL) | 2.404 (1.661–3.515) | < 0.0001 | 1.886 (1.349–2.657) | 0.0002 |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Low iron (serum Fe < 62 µg/dL) | 2.082 (1.425–3.072) | 0.0002 | 1.741 (1.243–2.456) | 0.0014 |
| Age, year | 1.031 (1.012–1.051) | 0.0014 | 1.037 (1.020–1.055) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 1.637 (1.072–2.499) | 0.0226 | 1.349 (0.967–1.881) | 0.0776 |
| Model 3 | ||||
| Low iron (serum Fe < 62 µg/dL) | 1.504 (1.006–2.269) | 0.0467 | 1.615 (1.121–2.347) | 0.0099 |
| Age, year | 1.019 (0.999–1.040) | 0.0597 | 1.034 (1.017–1.051) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 1.687 (1.090–2.611) | 0.0148 | 1.358 (0.972–1.896) | 0.0733 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 0.798 (0.713–0.891) | < 0.0001 | 0.888 (0.791–0.994) | 0.0391 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.999 (0.987–1.010) | 0.8059 | 1.007 (1.000–1.015) | 0.0617 |
| Plasma BNP, 100 pg/mL | 1.022 (0.987–1.055) | 0.2122 | 1.022 (0.974–1.061) | 0.3450 |
| LVEF, % | 0.976 (0.949–1.005) | 0.0972 | 1.007 (0.983–1.032) | 0.5614 |
| Model 4 | ||||
| Low iron (serum Fe < 62 µg/dL) | 1.564 (1.018–2.402) | 0.0411 | 1.769 (1.094–2.860) | 0.0201 |
| Age, year | 1.019 (0.999–1.041) | 0.0639 | 1.036 (1.018–1.055) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 1.725 (1.100–2.706) | 0.0139 | 1.343 (0.952–1.894) | 0.0930 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 0.796 (0.709–0.891) | < 0.0001 | 0.898 (0.798–1.011) | 0.0747 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.999 (0.988–1.010) | 0.8755 | 1.008 (0.999–1.016) | 0.0662 |
| Plasma BNP, 100 pg/mL | 1.019 (0.982–1.054) | 0.3052 | 1.023 (0.980–1.067) | 0.3029 |
| LVEF, % | 0.975 (0.948–1.004) | 0.0906 | 1.006 (0.981–1.032) | 0.6293 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.8929 | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.8627 |
| TSAT, % | 1.003 (0.991–1.011) | 0.5676 | 1.007 (0.989–1.025) | 0.4461 |
| Model 5 | ||||
| Low iron (serum Fe < 62 µg/dL) | 1.638 (1.037–2.563) | 0.0311 | 1.726 (0.998–2.985) | 0.0508 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 0.808 (0.725–0.900) | 0.0001 | 0.882 (0.777–1.001) | 0.0515 |
| MCV, fl | 1.060 (1.025–1.097) | 0.0008 | 1.020 (0.992–1.050) | 0.1674 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 0.999 (0.998–1.001) | 0.4057 | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.8305 |
| TSAT, % | 1.002 (0.985–1.011) | 0.7454 | 1.002 (0.982–1.022) | 0.8496 |
| Transferrin, mg/dL | 0.997 (0.993–1.002) | 0.2227 | 1.005 (1.000–1.009) | 0.0327 |
HF heart failure; HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP B-type natriuretic peptide; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; TSAT transferrin saturation; MCV mean corpuscular volume, HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval.