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. 2021 Jan 27;11:2335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81511-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma osmolality is acutely decreased after a vaginal, but not Cesarean, delivery. Relative to prenatal levels or levels at P1, plasma osmolality was decreased at 1 h (*P < 0.05) and 3 h (***P < 0.0002) after vaginal birth. This decrease was not observed in C-section-delivered pups, which had significantly higher plasma osmolality at 3 h postnatal than did vaginally-delivered pups (⁺⁺⁺⁺P < 0.0001). Red horizontal shading indicates normal osmolality range in mouse plasma. Gray shading indicates in utero timepoints; red dotted line indicates the timing of birth. Data are mean ± SEM. n = 6–12 per group.