Fig. 4. Demonstration of all-in-one APCD metasurfaces acting on unpolarized incident light.

a Experimental setup for the DoP measurement of transmitted light from APCD metasurfaces illuminated by an unpolarized LED source. b Measured Stokes parameters and the DoP of the incident beam directly from the LED source. The histogram shows the measured intensities of different electric components at a wavelength of 633 nm. The unpolarized light beam is represented by the green arrows. c–e Measured main axis angle ψ, ellipticity angle χ and DoPs of the transmitted beams through the designed c elliptical, d linear and e circular dichroism metasurfaces. The histograms show the measured (green) and simulated (red) intensities of different electric components at a wavelength of 633 nm. The green polarization ellipses represent polarization states derived from measured Stokes parameters at 633 nm, which are consistent with the simulated states (red arrows).