TABLE 2.
Bacteria abundance in HNSCC.
| Author | Tissue | Samples | HPV-related | Method | 16S rRNA region | Bacteria abudance (Tumor) | Bacteria abudance (non-tumor) | Results |
| Microbiome profile | ||||||||
| Pushalkar et al. (2012) | Tissue | OSCC/Control | No | Culture-independent, cloning, sequencing | V4-V5 | Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Johnsonella ignava, and Streptococcus parasanguinis I | Granulicatella adiacens | Bacterial diversity in the oral mucosal tissues from non-tumor and tumor sites of OSCC subjects |
| Panda et al. (2020) | Saliva | OPC/HPC/Control | Next-generation sequencing | V3–V4 | Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus influenzae and Prevotella copri and lower abundance of Rothia mucilaginosa, Aggregatibacter segnis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella nan- ceiensis, Rothia aeria, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Neisseria bacilliformis, Prevotella nigrescens, and Selenomonas noxia in OP and HP cancer patients./Streptococcus anginosus in OP cancer | – | Possible non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP and HP cancer patients. Streptococcus anginosus may be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for OP cancer patients only | |
| Yang et al. (2018) | Saliva | OSCC (3 TP53 mutational groups)MSC1/2/3 | No | Next-generation sequencing | V4 | Firmicutes (MSC2), Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes (≠ MSC2 <x< MSC3), Seleno- monas and Rothia (≠ MSC1<xMSC2 < xMSC3), Capnocytophaga (MSC3) | – | Oral microbiota is compositionally and functionally associated with the mutational changes in oral cancer |
| Wolf et al. (2017) | Saliva | OCC/OPC/Control | Yes | Next-generation sequencing | – | Actinomyces (Actinobacteria), Schwartzia (Firmicutes), Treponema (Spirochaetes), and Selenomonas (Firmicutes) | Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes | Evidence that differences in microbial abundance and diversity might inform disease status in SCC patients |
| Microbiome profile | ||||||||
| Lim et al. (2018) | Oral rinse | OCC/OPC/Control | Yes | Next-generation sequencing | V6–V8 | Rothia, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Paludibacter, Porphyromonas, Oribacterium, and Capnocytophaga discriminate OCC and OPC patients from age-matched normal healthy individuals/Haemophilus and Gemella positive correlation with HPV infection | – | Oral microbiome prediction of the presence of OCC and OPC with sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 90%, respectively |
| Hayes et al. (2018) | Mouth washes | HNSCC/Control | Yes | Pyrosequencing | V3–V4 | Corynebacterium (order Corynebacteriales), Kingella (order Neisseriales), Neisseria (order Neisseriales), Abiotrophia (order Lactobacillales), Capnocytophaga (order Flavobacteriales) and species Kingella dentificans and Streptococcus sanguinis were associated with reduced risk for larynx cancer | – | Greater oral abundance of commensal Corynebacterium and Kingella is associated with decreased risk of HNSCC |
| Guerrero-Preston et al. (2017) | Saliva | HNSCC/Control | Yes | Next-generation sequencing (454) | V3–V5 | Fusobacterium nucleatum (600x higher), Lactobacillus gasseri/johnsonii (710x higher), Lactobacillus vaginalis (52x higher), Streptococcus salivarius: Streptococcus vestibularis | – | Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus gasseri/johnsonii, and Lactobacillus vaginalis associated to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in saliva from HPV positive and HPV negative patients treated with surgery and chemoradiation |
HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HPC, hypopharyngeal cancer; MSC, mutational signature cluster; OCC, oral cavity cancer; OPC, oropharyngeal cancer; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma.