Chronic anaemia induces renal renin expression in mice. (a) RT-qPCR analyses were performed to determine the relative mRNA expression of the Ren1, Agt, and Ace genes in the kidney, liver, and lung, respectively, which were obtained from ISAM and control mice at 11 weeks of age. (b) Immunoblotting of control and ISAM plasma with an anti-renin antibody detected renin, its precursor (prorenin), and nonspecific bands (ns), which were probably immunoglobulin. (c) Blood haemoglobin concentrations and renal Ren1 mRNA expression levels in control and ISAM mice treated with C.E.R.A. or vehicle (V). Two schemes of C.E.R.A. administration, e.g., 6H and 28D, are shown in the top panel. The average expression levels (red bars) in the control mice were set as 1 for each gene expression analysis (a and c). Green lines indicate P<0.01 in the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (a) or Tukey-Kramer HSD test (c). n = 5–7 per group (a and c).