Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jan 14;11:533593. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.533593

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Xiao and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Latent subgroups of students from latent profile analysis (LPA) and secondary clustering. Means of residualized Z scores of INMM, MI, MSC, MPC, and MA are shown for each latent subgroup. Ellipse indicates a non-significant difference between these subgroups of certain variables. Group 1—high math anxiety and medium-high motivation. Group 2—high math anxiety and low motivation. Group 3—medium math anxiety and medium-low motivation. Group 4—low math anxiety and medium motivation. Group 5—low anxiety and high motivation. INMM, instrumental motivation in math; MA, math anxiety; MI, interest in math; MPC, math perceived control; MSC, math self-concept; Gp, latent subgroups. Significant level at 5%.