Table 3.
Sleep quality and sleep patterns overall and stratified by sex.
| Characteristics | Female | Male | All | χ 2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N: 142 (59%) | N: 98 (41%) | N: 240 (100%) | |||
| Overall sleep quality | |||||
| Mean PSQI (SD) | 6.27 (2.42) | 7.70 (3.09) | 6.85 (2.80) | 16.251§ | ≤0.001∗ |
| Percentage poor sleepers | 84 (59.2%) | 79 (80.6%) | 163 (67.9%) | 12.252 | ≤0.001∗ |
| Time of sleep | 71.169∗ | ≤0.001∗ | |||
| Before midnight | 91 (64.1%) | 14 (14.3%) | 105 (43.8%) | ||
| At midnight | 37 (26.1%) | 34 (34.7%) | 71 (29.6%) | ||
| After midnight | 14 (9.9%) | 50 (51%) | 64 (26.7%) | ||
| Subjective sleep quality | 7.482 | 0.058 | |||
| Very good | 40 (28.2%) | 18 (18.4%) | 58 (24.2%) | ||
| Fairly good | 81 (57.0%) | 56 (57.1%) | 137 (57.1%) | ||
| Fairly bad | 18 (12.7%) | 16 (16.3%) | 34 (14.2%) | ||
| Very bad | 3 (2.1%) | 8 (8.2%) | 11 (4.6%) | ||
| Sleep duration (in hours) | 15.593 | 0.001∗ | |||
| >8 | 30 (21.1%) | 7 (7.1%) | 37 (15.4%) | ||
| 7.1-8 | 89 (62.7%) | 63 (64.3%) | 152 (63.3%) | ||
| 6.1-7 | 17 (12.0%) | 13 (13.3%) | 30 (12.5%) | ||
| ≤6 | 6 (4.2%) | 15 (15.3%) | 21 (8.8%) | ||
| Sleep latency (minutes) | 14.31 | 0.003∗ | |||
| ≤15 | 42 (29.6%) | 14 (14.3%) | 56 (23.3%) | ||
| 16-30 | 55 (38.7%) | 32 (32.7%) | 87 (36.3%) | ||
| 31-60 | 35 (24.6%) | 35 (35.7%) | 70 (29.2%) | ||
| ≥60 | 10 (7.0%) | 17 (17.3%) | 27 (11.3%) | ||
| Day dysfunction due to sleep | 3.082 | 0.379 | |||
| Never | 12 (8.5%) | 6 (6.1%) | 18 (7.5%) | ||
| < once a week | 40 (28.2%) | 35 (35.7%) | 75 (31.3%) | ||
| 1-2 times per week | 79 (55.6%) | 46 (46.9%) | 125 (52.1%) | ||
| ≥3 times per week | 11 (7.7%) | 11 (11.2%) | 22 (9.2%) | ||
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 8.251 | 0.041∗ | |||
| ≥85 | 112 (78.9%) | 66 (67.3%) | 178 (74.2%) | ||
| 75-84 | 16 (11.3%) | 9 (9.2%) | 25 (10.4%) | ||
| 65-74 | 5 (3.5%) | 8 (8.2%) | 13 (5.4%) | ||
| <65 | 9 (6.3%) | 15 (15.3%) | 24 (10.0%) | ||
| Use of sleep medicines | 2.619 | 0.454 | |||
| Never | 130 (91.5%) | 87 (88.8%) | 217 (90.4%) | ||
| < once a week | 6 (4.2%) | 7 (7.1%) | 13 (5.4%) | ||
| 1-2 times per week | 4 (2.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 5 (2.1%) | ||
| ≥3 times per week | 2 (1.4%) | 3 (3.1%) | 5 (2.1%) |