Table 2.
Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals of clinical characteristics in all patients.
| COPDGene cohort | KOCOSS cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| NHW | AA | Koreans | |
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | ||
| Age ⩾65 years | Reference | 0.61 (0.54, 0.68) | 1.42 (1.34, 1.50) |
| Sex, male | Reference | 0.98 (0.91, 1.04) | 1.77 (1.71, 1.83) |
| Smoking status, current | Reference | 1.52 (1.39, 1.65) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) |
| Overweight or obese (n = 6154) | Reference | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.55 (0.50, 0.59) |
| Education, high school or less (n = 6148) | Reference | 1.64 (1.52, 1.77) | 2.57 (2.43, 2.71) |
| Symptoms | |||
| Cough >3 months (n = 6111) | Reference | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75) | 0.53 (0.47, 0.59) |
| Phlegm >3 months (n = 6082) | Reference | 0.78 (0.70, 0.86) | 0.75 (0.67, 0.82) |
| mMRC ⩾2 (n = 6131) | Reference | 1.22 (1.15, 1.29) | 0.72 (0.66, 0.79) |
| Moderate-to-severe AE in the previous year | Reference | 1.05 (0.94, 1.16) | 0.73 (0.65, 0.82) |
| Six-minute walk distance <350 m (n = 5670) | Reference | 1.98 (1.81, 2.14) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.19) |
| Severe-to-very severe COPD | Reference | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) | 0.50 (0.44, 0.55) |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||
| Hypertension (n = 6155) | Reference | 1.34 (1.25, 1.42) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.88) |
| Congestive heart failure (n = 6145) | Reference | 1.33 (0.89, 1.77) | 0.77 (0.50, 1.03) |
| Dyslipidemia (n = 6147) | Reference | 0.80 (0.72, 0.88) | 0.24 (0.20, 0.27) |
| Myocardial infarction (n = 6155) | Reference | 0.88 (0.63, 1.12) | 0.45 (0.33, 0.57) |
| Peripheral vascular disease (n = 6144) | Reference | 0.70 (0.36, 1.04) | 0.34 (0.19, 0.50) |
| Diabetes mellitus (n = 6156) | Reference | 1.63 (1.33, 1.94) | 1.61 (1.34, 1.88) |
| Gastro-esophageal reflux (n = 6150) | Reference | 0.64 (0.55, 0.73) | 0.35 (0.29, 0.41) |
| Osteoporosis (n = 6153) | Reference | 0.47 (0.34, 0.60) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.54) |
| Poor quality of life* (n = 5571) | Reference | 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.12) |
*
Defined as the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) or COPD-specific version of SGRQ total score ⩾25.
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI categories (underweight, normal, overweight, obese, and unknown), smoking (former, and current), post-bronchodilator FEV1 <50% predicted.
AA, African American; AE, acute exacerbation; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPDGene, US Genetic Epidemiology of COPD; KOCOSS, Korean COPD Subtype Study; mMRC, modified Medical Round Council; NHW, non-Hispanic white; PR, prevalence ratio.