Table 6.

Bivariate analyses between undernutrition and disease symptoms (including micronutrient deficiency)

Background variable	Type of intervention and conditions†			Stunting (N=1498)					Underweight (N=1498)					Wasting (N=1498)
	Nutrition specific	Nutrition sensitive	Enabling environment	(+) Stunted		(−) Not stuntd		P value ‡§	(+) Under weight		(−) Not underweight		P value ‡	(+) Wasted		(−) Not wasted		P value‡
				N	(%)	n	(%)		n	(%)	n	(%)		n	(%)	n	(%)
Categorical variables
Low birth weight
(−) Not low birth weight:≥2500 [g)	–	–	–	601	67.1	714	89	Ref.	255	85	1060	88.9	Ref.	89	83.2	1226	88.5	Ref.
v103: (+) Low birth weight:<2500 (g)	X	–	–	89	12.9	88	11	0.262	45	15	132	11.1	0.072	18	16.8	159	11.5	0.119
Total				660	100	773	100		283	100	1150	100		105	100	1328	100
Anaemia§
(-) Without anaemia: haemoglobin concentration ≥110 (g/L)	–	–	–	291	45.5	309	49.9	Ref.	125	44.8	475	48.5	Ref.	39	44.8	561	47.9	Ref.
v104: (+) With anaemia: haemoglobin concentration <110 (g/L)	X	–	–	348	54.5	310	50.1	0.128	154	55.2	504	51.5	0.278	48	55.2	610	52.1	0.657
Total				660	100	773	100		283	100	1150	100		105	100	1328	100
Diarrhoea during the last 2 weeks
(−) Without diarrhoea	–	–	–	463	70.2	528	68.3	Ref.	200	70.7	791	68.8	Ref.	67	63.8	924	69.6	Ref.
v105: (+) With diarrhoea	X	–	–	197	29.8	245	31.7	0.456	83	29.3	359	31.2	0.566	38	36.2	404	30.4	0.228
Total				660	100	773	100		283	100	1150	100		105	100	1328	100
Cough during the last 2 weeks
(-) Without cough	–	–	–	386	58	436	55.8	Ref.	155	53.6	667	57.6	Ref.	48	45.3	774	57.8	Ref.
v106: (+) with cough	X	–	–	279	42	345	44.2	0.424	134	46.4	490	42.4	0.232	58	54.7	566	42.2	0.014*
Total				665	100	781	100		289	100	1157	100		106	100	1340	100
Fever during the last 2 weeks
(−) Without cough	–	–	–	386	58	436	55.8	Ref.	155	53.6	667	57.6	Ref.	48	45.3	774	57.8	Ref.
v107: (+) with fever	X	–	–	270	40.7	393	59.3	0.065	116	40.6	435	37.6	0.377	45	42.5	506	37.8	0.351
Total				663	100	781	100		286	100	1158	100		106	100	1338	100

*Categorisation based on the previous review (Black et al. 2013).¹⁵

†χ² test (Fisher’s exact test)

‡A total of 1258 children were tested for anaemia as a result of exclusion of 240 children (=138 children under 6 months of age+102 children having rejected blood sampling).

§p<0.05, **p<0.01.