Table 4.

Multivariable analysis of individual and workplace factors independently associated with dietary behaviours and physical activity levels of shift workers (n=1300)*

Variables	Fruit/vegintake ≥5 servings/day†		Wholegrain intake ≥1 serving/day†		Soft drink intake ≥1 serving/week†		Physical activity ≥150 minutes/week‡
	(n=522)		(n=512)		(n=487)		(n=509)
	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)
Gender (ref: female) Male	<0.001	0.55 (0.40 to 0.74)	N/A		ns	1.29 (0.93 to 1.80)	N/A
Age category (ref: 18–34 years)§
Middle-aged (35–54 years)	N/A		ns	0.93 (0.70 to 1.24)	<0.001	0.50 (0.34 to 0.73)	0.012	0.65 (0.46 to 0.91)
Older age (55–65 years)	N/A		ns	1.27 (0.87 to 1.86)	<0.001	0.33 (0.18 to 0.59)	ns	0.74 (0.46 to 1.18)
BMI (ref: normal)¶
Overweight/obese	ns	0.80 (0.61 to 1.07)	N/A		N/A		N/A
SES (ref: ABC1) C2DE**	0.046	0.75 (0.57 to 0.99)	N/A		N/A		N/A
Vending machines (ref: None)
Available at Work	N/A		N/A		0.003	1.64 (1.18 to 2.27)	0.025	0.71 (0.52 to 0.96)
Break time adequate (ref: agree)††
Disagree	N/A		N/A		N/A		0.026	0.69 (0.49 to 0.96)
Satisfied with healthy food availability (ref: agree)‡‡
Disagree	N/A		N/A		ns	1.01 (0.71 to 1.44)	N/A
Workplace helps lead a healthy lifestyle (ref: agree)§§
Disagree	0.028	0.73 (0.55 to 0.97)	N/A		0.047	1.43 (1.01 to 2.04)	ns	0.75 (0.55 to 1.02)

Significant ORs (p<0.05) are denoted in bold font (these remained significantly associated with the outcome of interest after multivariable analysis)

*The full list of covariates included in the analysis is represented by those in the left-hand columns of tables 4 and 5

†According to the Food Safety Authority of Ireland dietary guidelines¹⁶

‡Minutes per week based on national and international physical activity guidelines^{25 26}

§Valid denominator=1283

¶BMI calculated based on self-reported height and weight and categorised according to the WHO BMI classification¹⁴ (‘Underweight’ participants were excluded (n=30))

**SES based on the occupation of the head of household. ABC1 denotes upper middle class, middle class and lower middle class. C2DE denotes skilled working class, working class and non-workers¹⁵ (valid denominator=1243)

††Valid denominator=1113

‡‡Valid denominator=929

§§Valid denominator=1035

BMI, body mass index; N/A, not applicable (not significantly associated with the outcome of interest in univariable analysis); ns, not significant in the multivariable analysis; SES, socioeconomic status.