Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for WHO Risk Levels and Functional Outcomes by Study
| Outcome | COMBINE | UKATT | χ2 / t-statistic |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) / M (SD) | N (%) / M (SD) | (df) | |
| WHO Risk Levela | |||
| At Trial Entry | 50.60 | ||
| Abstinence | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | (3), p<0.001 |
| Low risk | 45 (3.3%) | 41 (5.7%) | |
| Medium risk | 154 (11.1%) | 49 (6.8%) | |
| High risk | 354 (25.6%) | 110 (15.2%) | |
| Very high risk | 830 (60.0%) | 523 (72.3%) | |
| Last Month of Treatment | 241.48 | ||
| Abstinence | 459 (35.6%) | 119 (17.7%) | (4), p<0.001 |
| Low risk | 504 (39.1%) | 170 (25.3%) | |
| Medium risk | 126 (9.8%) | 80 (11.9%) | |
| High risk | 88 (6.8%) | 84 (12.5%) | |
| Very high risk | 111 (8.6%) | 219 (32.6%) | |
| One-year Post-Treatment | 66.45 | ||
| Abstinence | 366 (33.3%) | 121 (21.2%) | (4), p<0.001 |
| Low risk | 319 (29.0%) | 140 (24.5%) | |
| Medium risk | 135 (12.3%) | 65 (11.4%) | |
| High risk | 116 (10.6%) | 76 (13.3%) | |
| Very high risk | 163 (14.8%) | 170 (29.7%) | |
| Alcohol Dependence Severity Scoresb | |||
| At Trial Entry | −0.23 (0.79) | 0.04 (0.89) | −7.29 |
| (2110), p<0.001 | |||
| Alcohol Dependence Severity Cutoffsc | |||
| Mild | 228 (16.7%) | 365 (49.9%) | |
| Moderate | 782 (57.4%) | 214 (29.2%) | |
| Severe | 352 (25.8%) | 153 (20.9%) | |
| ALT (IU/L) | |||
| At Trial Entry | 40.14 (37.31) | 39.53 (42.85) | 0.33 (1918) |
| End of Treatment | 31.53 (24.40) | 36.80 (56.16) | −2.54 (1555), p=.01 |
| GGT (IU/L) | |||
| At Trial Entry | 74.50 (126.97) | 113.40 (216.80) | −0.49 (1919), p<0.001 |
| End of Treatment | 51.05 (142.28) | 97.80 (178.35) | −5.75 (1571), p<0.001 |
| Alcohol Related Consequences | DrInC (max. 124) | APQ (max. 60) | |
| At Trial Entry | 48.03 (20.44) | 26.24 (10.93) | |
| End of Treatment | 12.90 (18.69) | 16.08 (12.86) | |
| Short Form Health Survey Mental Health | |||
| At Trial Entry | 41.40 (11.00) | 31.36 (12.44) | 18.24 (1890), p<0.001 |
| End of Treatment | 49.50 (9.56) | 38.05 (14.29) | 19.29 (1613), p<0.001 |
Note. All numbers are observed (percentages are based on valid number of cases) with no imputation for missing data. ALT=alanine aminotransferase; GGT=γ-glutamyltransferase; IU/L=International Units per Liter; DrInC=Drinker Inventory of Consequences; APQ=Alcohol Problems Questionnaire.
WHO risk Levels: low risk: 1–40 g for males/1–20 g for females, medium risk: 41–60 g for males/21–40 g for females, high risk: 61–100 g for males/41–60 g for females, very high risk: 101+g for males/61+g for females
Alcohol Dependence Severity Expected a Posteriori Scores (range: −1.97 to 2.87), based on MNLFA representing standardized scores across studies with higher scores indicating greater severity dependence [36]
In COMBINE, clinician-rated “severity of alcohol dependence for the worst week of the past month” on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) [41] was used with ratings of “mild”, “moderate”, or “severe.” For the UKATT study, we used cutoffs derived from the LDQ [42], with LDQ scores less than 15=“mild”, LDQ scores from 16–23=“moderate”, and LDQ scores from 24–30=“severe”.