Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors affecting survival to discharge
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis (N = 559) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR | 95% CI for the OR | p-value* | Adjusted OR | 95% CI for the OR | p-value* | |
| Age, (per year) | 0.958 | 0.947–0.97 | <.001 | 0.971 | 0.953–0.989 | 0.001 |
| Sex, (Female/male) | 0.61 | 0.43–0.867 | 0.006 | 0.789 | 0.478–1.302 | 0.354 |
| Witnessed arrest (Yes/No) | 1.695 | 1.171–2.453 | 0.005 | 1.434 | 0.849–2.422 | 0.178 |
| Arrest location (Home/Others) | 0.513 | 0.371–0.71 | <.001 | 0.783 | 0.491–1.249 | 0.305 |
| Bystander response (CPR performed/CPR not performed) | 1.707 | 1.236–2.356 | 0.001 | 1.194 | 0.741–1.923 | 0.467 |
| First monitored rhythm (Shockable/Non-shockable) | 6.098 | 4.244–8.761 | <.001 | 2.762 | 1.505–5.068 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension (Present/Absent) | 0.64 | 0.464–0.883 | 0.007 | 1.073 | 0.64–1.799 | 0.790 |
| Diabetes (Present/Absent) | 0.409 | 0.286–0.583 | <.001 | 0.381 | 0.221–0.657 | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia (Present/Absent) | 1.101 | 0.579–2.093 | 0.769 | |||
| No flow time, (per minute) | 0.984 | 0.964–1.005 | 0.142 | |||
| Low flow time, (per minute) | 0.939 | 0.927–0.95 | <.001 | 0.969 | 0.953–0.986 | <.001 |
| Pre-hospital ROSC (Observed/Not observed) | 10.845 | 7.075–16.624 | <.001 | 2.161 | 1.011–4.619 | 0.047 |
| Pre-hospital adrenaline (Used/Not used) | 0.474 | 0.273–0.824 | 0.008 | 0.639 | 0.283–1.443 | 0.281 |
| Pre-hospital airway | ||||||
| Bag-valve mask | Reference | – | – | |||
| Supraglottic airway | 0.802 | 0.569–1.129 | 0.206 | |||
| Endotracheal intubation | 0.703 | 0.413–1.199 | 0.196 | |||
| Mental state at admission | ||||||
| Alert | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – |
| Drowsy to stuporous | 0.43 | 0.14–1.321 | 0.141 | 1.685 | 0.433–6.559 | 0.067 |
| Coma | 0.062 | 0.025–0.158 | <.001 | 0.451 | 0.146–1.397 | 0.005 |
| Reperfusion attempted | ||||||
| None | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – |
| CAG only | 5.003 | 3.307–7.567 | <.001 | 1.58 | 0.84–2.973 | 0.197 |
| CAG and PCI | 2.832 | 1.764–4.548 | <.001 | 0.923 | 0.438–1.945 | 0.385 |
| tPA | 1.262 | 0.652–2.443 | 0.490 | 1.293 | 0.555–3.013 | 0.765 |
| TTM (Performed/Not performed) | 1.34 | 0.962–1.865 | 0.083 | |||
| pH | 89.557 | 34.575–231.976 | <.001 | 1.572 | 0.375–6.59 | 0.536 |
| Lactate (per mmol/l) | 0.868 | 0.835–0.903 | <.001 | 0.958 | 0.907–1.011 | 0.115 |
| Glucose (per mg/dl) | 0.998 | 0.997–0.999 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.998–1.002 | 0.985 |
| First systolic BP after ROSC, (per mmHg) | 1.008 | 1.004–1.012 | <.001 | 1.009 | 1–1.018 | 0.054 |
| First diastolic BP after ROSC, (per mmHg) | 1.021 | 1.014–1.028 | <.001 | 0.999 | 0.983–1.015 | 0.931 |
| First pulse rate after ROSC, (per beat/min) | 1.003 | 0.997–1.008 | 0.340 | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||
| 18.5 to 24.9 | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – |
| < 18.5 | 0.531 | 0.318–0.889 | 0.030 | 0.854 | 0.425–1.719 | 0.889 |
| 25.0 to 29.9 | 0.881 | 0.606–1.282 | 0.697 | 0.856 | 0.49–1.495 | 0.861 |
| > 30.0 | 1.004 | 0.495–2.035 | 0.474 | 0.621 | 0.211–1.823 | 0.496 |
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CAG coronary angiography, CI confidence interval, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, OR odds ratio, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, TTM targeted temperature management
*p < 0.05 was significant