Table 1:
Adolescent Outcomes, Add Health Non-Hispanic White Sample
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLES | School Problem Index |
Ever Suspended from School |
Depression Index |
English Grade |
Math Grade |
Wants to Attend College |
Expects to Attend College |
Chance of Being Married by Age 25 |
| Male | 0.263*** (0.0384) |
0.136*** (0.0140) |
−0.240*** (0.0295) |
−0.361*** (0.0320) |
−0.0925** (0.0390) |
−0.143*** (0.0319) |
−0.216*** (0.0342) |
−0.119*** (0.0297) |
| Male*No Father | 0.179** (0.0787) |
0.0741*** (0.0263) |
−0.000464 (0.0663) |
0.0365 (0.0771) |
−0.0261 (0.0720) |
−0.147** (0.0652) |
−0.0943 (0.0763) |
0.0232 (0.0771) |
| Male*Other Father | 0.0466 (0.0884) |
0.0682* (0.0368) |
−0.205* (0.115) |
0.00603 (0.0969) |
0.0738 (0.120) |
−0.102 (0.104) |
−0.0930 (0.105) |
−0.0232 (0.0895) |
| No Father | 0.175*** (0.0569) |
0.102*** (0.0191) |
0.184*** (0.0489) |
−0.248*** (0.0529) |
−0.198*** (0.0518) |
−0.00407 (0.0476) |
−0.167*** (0.0528) |
−0.243*** (0.0525) |
| Other Father | 0.146** (0.0702) |
0.0366* (0.0191) |
0.272*** (0.0969) |
−0.0827 (0.0641) |
−0.144 (0.0886) |
0.0215 (0.0619) |
−0.0502 (0.0769) |
−0.174*** (0.0627) |
| Constant | −0.999*** (0.353) |
−0.505*** (0.143) |
−1.651*** (0.260) |
3.478*** (0.333) |
3.974*** (0.376) |
1.478*** (0.264) |
0.169 (0.277) |
1.370*** (0.285) |
| Observations | 7,203 | 7,325 | 7,311 | 7,068 | 6,755 | 7,309 | 7,308 | 7,291 |
| R-squared | 0.050 | 0.120 | 0.063 | 0.091 | 0.038 | 0.090 | 0.136 | 0.020 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 0.000 | 0.207 | 0.000 | 2.918 | 2.789 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Mother’s characteristics | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors clustered by school.
p<0.01
p<0.05
p<0.1. “No Father” and “Other Father” refer to living arrangements at Wave I. “School problems” is a standardized index based on factor analysis of the variables in Table A5. “Depression” is a standardized index based on factor analysis of the variables in Table A6. Grades are student-reported and range from 1=D or lower to 4=A. College desires/expectations and expectation of chance of being married by age 25 are standardized measures based on a 0-4 scale. Mothers characteristics include education and dummies for foreign-born and young mother (under 22). All models include birth cohort. All models are weighted by Wave I weights.