Table A6:
Adolescent Outcomes: Depression Index and Components
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLES | Depression Index |
Hopeful about Future |
Can’t Shake Blues |
Depressed | Happy | Lonely | Sad |
| Male | −0.240*** (0.0295) |
0.0416 (0.0292) |
−0.144*** (0.0194) |
−0.163*** (0.0223) |
−0.0193 (0.0321) |
−0.133*** (0.0219) |
−0.179*** (0.0214) |
| Male*No Father | −0.000464 (0.0663) |
−0.0576 (0.0701) |
−0.0291 (0.0529) |
−0.0965** (0.0433) |
−0.0187 (0.0672) |
0.0296 (0.0458) |
0.00848 (0.0427) |
| Male*Other Father | −0.205* (0.115) |
−0.0273 (0.0997) |
−0.189** (0.0795) |
−0.151** (0.0699) |
−0.0132 (0.0869) |
−0.00819 (0.0699) |
−0.134* (0.0781) |
| No Father | 0.184*** (0.0489) |
−0.0304 (0.0437) |
0.127*** (0.0313) |
0.167*** (0.0356) |
−0.0668* (0.0390) |
0.0571* (0.0299) |
0.0669** (0.0335) |
| Other Father | 0.272*** (0.0969) |
−0.0169 (0.0697) |
0.213*** (0.0754) |
0.178*** (0.0658) |
−0.0586 (0.0636) |
0.104* (0.0531) |
0.139** (0.0602) |
| Constant | −1.651*** (0.260) |
0.915*** (0.260) |
−0.616*** (0.156) |
−0.595*** (0.189) |
3.080*** (0.261) |
−0.806*** (0.157) |
−0.181 (0.167) |
| Observations | 7,311 | 7,320 | 7,323 | 7,326 | 7,327 | 7,326 | 7,326 |
| R-squared | 0.063 | 0.022 | 0.045 | 0.054 | 0.021 | 0.030 | 0.038 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 0.000 | 1.870 | 0.364 | 0.488 | 2.183 | 0.423 | 0.537 |
| Mother’s characteristics | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors clustered by school.
***
p<0.01
**
p<0.05
*
p<0.1. “No Father” and “Other Father” refer to living arrangements at Wave I. “Depression Index” is the CES-D depression scale (standardized) based on 19 items, including the other variables in this table. Each item is based on responses to “How often have you felt this way during the past week?” ranging from 0=never or rarely to 3=most/all of the time. Mothers characteristics include education and dummies for foreign-born and young mother (under 22). All models include birth cohort. All models are weighted by Wave I weights.