Table 5:
School Quality Effects, Add Health Non-Hispanic White Sample
| Adolescent Outcomes | Adult Outcomes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | |
| VARIABLES | School Problem Index |
Ever Suspended from School |
Depression Index |
Wants to Attend College |
Expects to Attend College |
English Grade |
Math Grade |
College Graduation |
High School Graduation |
Currently Employed |
Personal Income |
Ever Married |
Children Ever Born |
| Male | 0.212*** (0.0377) |
0.162*** (0.0157) |
−0.269*** (0.0332) |
−0.214*** (0.0400) |
−0.286*** (0.0361) |
−0.399*** (0.0375) |
−0.0687* (0.0392) |
−0.0901*** (0.0192) |
−0.0280*** (0.00676) |
0.118*** (0.0163) |
15.68*** (2.018) |
−0.122*** (0.0165) |
−0.272*** (0.0471) |
| Male*School Quality Index | −0.0168 (0.0315) |
−0.0319** (0.0154) |
−0.0150 (0.0330) |
0.0710* (0.0357) |
0.0860*** (0.0268) |
0.0386 (0.0359) |
0.0158 (0.0312) |
0.0106 (0.0167) |
0.0105 (0.00993) |
−0.00109 (0.0170) |
0.554 (2.006) |
−0.00398 (0.0184) |
0.0787** (0.0334) |
| School Quality Index | −0.0123 (0.0271) |
−0.0291** (0.0137) |
−0.0145 (0.0264) |
0.0560** (0.0267) |
0.0856*** (0.0250) |
0.0501* (0.0264) |
0.0787** (0.0361) |
0.0507** (0.0208) |
0.0177** (0.00803) |
0.0179 (0.0139) |
1.531 (1.247) |
0.00139 (0.0201) |
−0.108*** (0.0368) |
| Male*No Father | 0.186** (0.0926) |
0.0560* (0.0305) |
0.0236 (0.0775) |
−0.177** (0.0729) |
−0.0903 (0.0913) |
0.0312 (0.106) |
−0.138 (0.0888) |
0.0401 (0.0372) |
−0.0335 (0.0217) |
−0.0478 (0.0380) |
−1.219 (3.203) |
−0.0697* (0.0361) |
−0.298*** (0.0942) |
| Male*Other Father | 0.0969 (0.0962) |
0.0421 (0.0485) |
−0.279* (0.140) |
−0.0208 (0.0969) |
−0.0597 (0.106) |
−0.00570 (0.112) |
0.0331 (0.136) |
0.0350 (0.0464) |
−0.00407 (0.0347) |
0.0891* (0.0479) |
4.980 (8.544) |
−0.0160 (0.0523) |
−0.146 (0.109) |
| No Father | 0.158** (0.0618) |
0.117*** (0.0217) |
0.186*** (0.0576) |
−0.0439 (0.0635) |
−0.227*** (0.0716) |
−0.264*** (0.0624) |
−0.151** (0.0671) |
−0.132*** (0.0258) |
−0.0380*** (0.0122) |
−0.0186 (0.0301) |
−6.052*** (1.676) |
−0.0344 (0.0279) |
0.270*** (0.0734) |
| Other Father | 0.171* (0.0869) |
0.0563** (0.0262) |
0.390*** (0.128) |
0.00280 (0.0683) |
−0.125 (0.0840) |
−0.0948 (0.0750) |
−0.125 (0.114) |
−0.127*** (0.0269) |
−0.0374* (0.0206) |
−0.0981** (0.0383) |
−3.616 (3.411) |
−0.0187 (0.0419) |
0.193** (0.0899) |
| Constant | −0.456 (0.422) |
−0.345** (0.162) |
−1.031*** (0.299) |
0.870*** (0.315) |
−0.727** (0.305) |
2.516*** (0.403) |
3.077*** (0.594) |
0.0107 (0.173) |
0.616*** (0.110) |
0.483*** (0.128) |
−26.51 (16.87) |
−0.897*** (0.182) |
−0.827** (0.381) |
| Observations | 5,207 | 5,314 | 5,306 | 5,305 | 5,304 | 5,098 | 4,809 | 5,316 | 5,316 | 4,433 | 5,149 | 5,313 | 5,302 |
| R-squared | 0.039 | 0.137 | 0.057 | 0.103 | 0.168 | 0.085 | 0.030 | 0.163 | 0.094 | 0.042 | 0.054 | 0.055 | 0.114 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 0.034 | 0.224 | 0.053 | −0.048 | −0.026 | 2.882 | 2.746 | 0.376 | 0.943 | 0.803 | 37.741 | 0.590 | 0.880 |
| Mother’s characteristics | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Note:Robust standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors clustered by school.
p<0.01
p<0.05
p<0.1. “School Quality Index” is a standardized index based on school administrator reports of average daily attendance, class size, % of new and experienced teachers, % of teachers with a Masters degree, grade 12 dropout rates, % of students with achievement tests below and above grade level, and % of 12th graders enrolled in college next year. “No Father” and “Other Father” refer to living arrangements at Wave I. “School problems” is a standardized index based on factor analysis of the variables in Table A5. “Depression” is a standardized index based on factor analysis of the variables in Table A6. Grades are student-reported and range from 1=D or lower to 4=A. College desires/expectations are standardized measures based on a 0-4 scale. “Currently Employed” is a dummy for whether is currently working at Wave IV. “Personal Income” is the total personal earnings before tax in 2006/2007/2008. “Ever Married” is a dummy for whether has been married up to Wave IV. “Children Ever Born” is the self-reported total number of child births up to Wave IV. Mothers characteristics include education and dummies for foreign-born and young mother (under 22). All models include birth cohort. Models (1)-(7) are weighted by Wave I weights and models (8)-(13) are weighted by Wave IV weights.